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Officially committed US to gold standard
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Outlawed racial discrimination, on juries, public places, on railroads and streetcars
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Supreme Court rejected Railroad's appeal challenging Granger's lobbying to get state legislature to pass laws fixing max rates for freight shipments; the Supreme Court also upheld IL Law setting max rate for grain storage
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Expanded money in circulation by remonetizing silver
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Rep: Garfield (WINNER)--assasinated in 1881--replaced by VP Arthur
Dem: Weaver -
10 year ban on a Chinese immigration. Made permanent in 1902
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Court declared CRA of 1875 unconstitutional
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Response to public disgust over corruption; required some federal workers to pass civil service exams, establish standards of merit for federal jobs and prevented taking contributions
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Dem: Grover Cleveland (WINNER)--"anti-government corruption"
Rep: Blaine -
Chicago- Workers threw a bomb, killed 7 cops, cops killed 4 protestors, arrested 8, and 4 were executed
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First federal attempt to go control unfair RR practices; created a 5 member interstate commission to oversee interstate RR practices; banned monopolies
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Rep: Harrison (WINNER)--gave supporters pension rolls--created first national public welfare program
Dem: Cleveland -
Congress outlawed trusts and monopolies that fixed prices in restraint of trade
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Response to farmers calls for inflationary monetary policies
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Pushed rates up
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Carnegie Steel Plant- company lockout sparked a violent strike
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1893: Philly and Reading RR goes Bankrupt
Stockholders sold stock to buy gold
US Gold Reserves are drained
Cleveland convinced Congress Repeal Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1894: 1/4 RR= Bankrupt
RR down GOLD down STOCK MARKET down -
Pullman owned his own city; The Depression of 1893 caused a decrease in wages, but rent stayed the same; Workers strike--Led by Eugene V Debs
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Supreme Court ruled that it was legal to use injunctions against Unions
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"separate but equal" is declared constitutional by the Supreme Court
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Rep: Mckinley (WINNER)---political realignment
Dem: Bryan -
Pushed rates to all time high
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Rep: McKinley (WINNER) 2nd Term--Progressivism emerged
Dem: Bryan -
Officially commits US to gold standard
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(aka Newlands Act) designated money from public land sales for water management and dams and irrigation projects
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Rep: Roosevelt (WINNER)
Dem: Parker
Socialist: Eugene V Debs -
Strengthened government power to regulate RR
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Please silver inflationists without giving up gold domination; placed US currency on internationally accepted monetary basis---set aside a gold reserve exchange for paper money
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Protected consumers from dangerous ingridents in foods and drugs
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Imposed strict sanitary rules On meat packets and set up federal meat inspection system
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Supreme Court forbade Unions from organizing boycotts in support of strikes - "conspiracy in restraint of trade" - violated Sherman Antitrust Act
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Supreme Court upheld 10 hour law for women laundry workers
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Rep: Taft (Conservative influenced by Manufacturers) (WINNER)
Dem: Bryan--called for lower tariffs, denounced trusts, pro-labor -
Raised taxes on hundreds of items
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Illegal to transport a woman across state line for immoral purposes
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Increased ICC rate setting lower and extended regulation authority for telephone and telegraph companies
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Rep: Taft
Dem: Wilson (WINNER- linked with reform--"NEW FREEDOM")- Democrats took both houses
Progressive: Roosevelt (new party) -
Congress can tax income
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direct election of US Congress
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Created 12 regional federal reserve banks under mixed public and private control-step toward national banking system
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Aka Harrison act; banned distubtuon of heroin morphine coke and addictive drugs
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Created FTC to investigate violations of federal regulations
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FTC CREATED
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Rep: Hughes
Dem: Wilson (winner)--Progressive movement lost momentum as WW1 neared -
Barred from interstate commerce products made from child labor (unconstitutional in 1918)
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8 hr work day for interstate rr workers
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GIves accident and injury protection to federal workers
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Allowed farmers using land or crops as security to get loans from the federal government
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alcohol is illegal
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women's suffrage
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provided matching funds for state highway programs benefiting new car industries and farmers plagued with bad roads (didn't help blacks)
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Rep: Harrison
Dem: Cleveland (WINNER)
Populist: Weaver