-
Period: to
Higher Education in NE
-Harvard (1636)
-laws requiring establishment of grammar schools (1636)
-v high literacy rate in NE
-ministers displeased that educated people were becoming more progressive
-established Yale (1701) that was supposed to be more pure -
Franciscan Friars
Franciscans built strings of mission settlements in norther FL, and coastal GA and SC. They taught Indians the way of the Catholic faith. The indians were basically slaves--forced to work the fields and serve the friars. In 1680, the Pueblo indians staged an uprising against the Friars, but in 1690 the Spanish regained control. -
Period: to
Indentured Servitude
A system of indentured servitude evolved to bring those with land/money together with those who wanted to go to America. IS worked for a period of years in exchange for their passage. Those who survived "seasoning" and their "sentence" became free. Labor shortage and the cost of IS led colonists to look for another solution. -
Period: to
NE vs. South
-education in the south was less widespread than in New England
-spread out population in the south made it difficult to support churches; churches were abundant in NE
-infant mortality was a lot lower in NE (better water supply, healthier habitat)
-families came to NE, workers came to the south (NE = more distributed pop.)
-NE had rocky terrain (bad for farming) and had to depend on trade -
Half Way Covenant
Growing numbers of non church members in NE was creating problems (suffering democracy). If the majority of people weren't being baptized, then most of the colony was living in a state of original sin. The Half Way Covenant provided limited membership to people who would accept the church covenant and weren't blatant sinners. -
Royal African Company
Indentured servitude gave way to slavery to solve the labor shortage. Slavery spread throughout the colonies. In 1672, the Royal African Company was formed, which had a monopoly on the English slave trade with West Africa. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Settlers at the western edge of the Jamestown settlement were outraged that the government (under Sir William Berkeley) would not help them attack the indians infringing upon their settlements. Bacon and his followers marched on Jamestown and forced Berkeley to authorize expeditions against the Indians. Jamestown burned. -
Salem Witch Trials
Accusations of witchcraft in Salem--trials resulted in the executions of twenty people. Some Puritans thought Satan was using the allure of female sexuality to work his will. In addition, many accused witches were widows of high status or older women who owned property; such women potentially subverted the patriarchal authorities of church and state. -
Period: to
Settlement of New France
French colonial settlements in the New World progressed very slowly after 1700. They built forts around the Great Lakes (important trade routes)
1712: New Orleans
1731: Took control of Louisiana -
The Carolinas
-Tobacco flourished in NC (very labor intensive crop)
-Indigo introduced in SC
-cash crops allowed southern colonies to get manufactured goods and luxuries from England
-slavery became dominant form of labor on SC plantations -
Georgia and the Backcountry
-resettling debtors in the New World
-James Oglethorpe (Savannah)
-developed an economy similar to SC
-needed slaves for successful labor intensive crops
-1771: Regulators--dispute over representation led to battle between frontiersmen and troops