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Initially applied to African men, attempts to enforce pass laws on women in the 1910s and 1950s sparked significant protests. Pass laws remained a key aspect of the country's apartheid system until their effective termination in 1986.
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The Act restricted black people from buying or occupying land except as employees of a white master. -
Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the village of Mvezo in Umtata. died at the age of 95 after a prolonged respiratory infection.
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aimed to eliminate mixed neighborhoods in favour of racially segregated ones which would allow South Africans to develop separately -
The Defiance Campaigns, including bus boycotts in South Africa, served as an inspiration to Civil Rights Activists in the United States.
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On 9 August 1956, 20,000 women staged a march on the Union Buildings in Pretoria to protest against the proposed amendments to the Urban Areas Act -
It set up "eight (later extended to ten) distinct 'Bantu Homelands' out of the existing reserves, each with a degree of self-government" -
incident in the Black township of Sharpeville, near Vereeniging, South Africa, in which police fired on a crowd of Black people, killing or wounding some 250 of them -
In 1993, an agreement to restore land to its rightful owners was reached, certain communities returned to their ancestral land.
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In 1995, the community returned to their land in Tsitsikamma, where they started a community farming project.