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- urban civilization
- developed city-states
- used cuneiform writing
- had organized religion
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- formed along Nile river
- used centralized rule
- used hieroglyphic writing
- notable architecture
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- quipu was a device with hanging strings
- used to keep records before writing was developed
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- did not have writing
- notable ceremonial centers
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- abundant pyramid building
- pharaoh rule
- centralized power
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- developed along Yellow river
- had social hierarchies
- states emerged
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- had standardized weight system
- trade
- organized cities
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- first Chinese dynasty
- inherited power
- kingship system
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- earliest known forms of literature
- Mesopotamian kingship
- mortality
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- Mohenjo Dara and Harappa reached peak
- notable trade networks
- advanced urban environment
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- law code
- importance to high social hierarchy positions
- embraced patriarchal rule
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- Mohenjo Dara and Harappa decline
- likely due to environmental changes
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- known for oracle bones
- notable bronze technology development
- worshipped ancestors
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- military empire
- expanded rule to Middle East and Nubia
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- peak level of pharaoh control
- control beyond Nile
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- religious centers
- Mesoamerican "mother culture"
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- introduced mandate of heaven
- feudal rule started
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- glyphic writing
- earliest forms of writing in Americas
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- military empire
- notable iron weapons
- large deportations
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- Nubian kingdom of Kush conquered and ruled Egypt
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- largest empire of its time
- notable infrastructure