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Key terms
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Populism and Progressivism
Populist movement started in the last decade of the 19th century and was more of a revolt by the farmers or those associated with agriculture in one or the other way.rogressivism was an ideology that arose in the beginning of the 20th century. The unfair election system, exploitation of workers, women and children, corruption in the business class and the legal system that gave concessions to rich people were the common enemies of the progressivism. -
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Susan B. Anthony
(1820-1906) Susan B. Anthony was a suffragist, abolitionist, author and speaker who was the president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1869, Anthony and Stanton founded the National Woman Suffrage Association.In 1872, when she voted illegally in the presidential election. Anthony was arrested for the crime, and she unsuccessfully fought the charges -
Indian Removal
Congress passed the Indian Removal Act. It was authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. Armed with this authority, President Jackson authorized agents to negotiate and enforce treaties. -
Nativism
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. In the nineteenth century, the term "nativism" referred to white, native-born, Protestant Americans' hostility to European immigrants. Nineteenth-century nativism in the United States contained a strong anti-Catholic strain, since many of the newly arrived immigrants hailed from predominantly Roman Catholic countries. -
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Andrew Carnegie
(1835-1919) Andrew Carnegie was a Gilded Age industrialist, the owner of the Carnegie Steel Company, and a major philanthropist. Carnegie worked for the railroad. He left the railroad in 1865 to focus on his other business interests, including the Keystone Bridge Company. By 1889, Carnegie Steel Corporation was the largest of its kind in the world. -
Manifest Destiny
Expansion westward seemed perfectly natural to many Americans in the mid-nineteenth century. Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan coined the term "Manifest Destiny" in 1845 to describe the essence of this mindset.Indeed, many settlers believed that God himself blessed the growth of the American nation. -
Third Parties Politics
All political parties in the United States other than one of the two major parties (Republican Party and Democratic Party). In all states, the Democratic and Republican candidates automatically get on the ballot, whereas third-party candidates usually have to get thousands of signatures on petitions just to be listed on the ballot. The state and federal governments, which make rules governing elections, are composed of elected Democratic and Republican officials. -
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Eugene V. Debbs
(1855-1926) Labor organizer and socialist leader. He entered politics as a Democratic City Clerk in 1879, and in 1885 he was elected to the Indiana State Assembly with broad support from Terre Haute’s workers and businessmen. Debs organized the American Railway Union, which waged a strike against the Pullman Company of Chicago in 1894. -
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Clarence Darrow
(1857-1938) Clarence Darrow was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union. He was among the first attorneys to be called a "labor lawyer."In 1912 Darrow took on a case that almost destroyed his career when he defended two union officials accused of murder in the dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building. -
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Teddy Roosevelt
(1858-1919) Theodore "T.R." Roosevelt, Jr. was an American politician, author, naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who served as the 26th President of the United States. He was elected to the New York State Assembly at the age of 23, and served two terms (1882-84). In 1895, Roosevelt became president of the New York City Board of Police Commissioners, and in 1897 William McKinley named him as assistant secretary of the U.S. Navy. -
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William Jennings Bryan
(1860-1925) became a Nebraska congressman in 1890.In 1890, when the new Populist party disrupted Nebraska politics, Bryan won election to Congress; he was reelected in 1892. In Congress, he earned respect for his oratory and became a leader among free-silver Democrats. -
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Jane Addams
(1860-1935) In 1910, Jane became the first female president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections (later renamed the National Conference of Social Work). Jane Addams co-founded one of the first settlements in the United States, the Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, and was named a co-winner of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize. -
Homestead Act
provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. -
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Ida b. Wells
(1862-1931) Ida B. Wells was an African-American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. In 1898, Wells brought her anti-lynching campaign to the White House, leading a protest in Washington, D.C., and calling for President William McKinley to make reforms. -
Politifcal Machines
Political Machines were orgainizations that provided social services and jobs in exchange foir votes. Political machines are characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, reaching down to neighbourhood and block organizers, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighbourhoods, or even families, in exchange for loyalty at the polls. -
The Glided Age
Politics in the Gilded Age were intense. In the years between 1877 and 1897, control of the House of Representatives repeatedly changed hands between the Democratic and Republican parties. -
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Upton Sinclair
(1878-1968) He wrote the book, "The Jungle," which exposed the horrible conditions in the meat packing industry in America in the early 20th century. Partially due to his book, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) was formed in order to ensure cleaner and safer conditions. -
Social Gospel
A religious social-reform movement that was prominent from about 1870 to 1920, especially among liberal Protestant groups dedicated to the betterment of industrialized society through application of the biblical principles of charity and justice -
Civil Service Reform
The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA) applies to labor organizations which represents employees in most agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Government. -
Haymarket Riot
Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. The May 4, 1886, rally at Haymarket Square was organized by labor radicals to protest the killing and wounding of several workers by the Chicago police during a strike the day before at the McCormick Reaper Works. -
The Dawes Act
The law allowed for the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals -
Klondike Gold Rush
Migration by an estimated 100,000 people prospecting to the Klondike region of north-western Canada in the Yukon region between 1896 and 1899. Beginning in 1897, an army of hopeful goldseekers, unaware that most of the good Klondike claims were already staked, boarded ships and Seattle and other Pacific port cities and headed north toward the vision of riches to be had for the taking. -
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
The "initiative process" is a citizen or group of citizens who want to propose a law to the people and organize. Referendum is where the legislature state votes on a bill. Recall is the process of having essentially a 're-vote" on an office-holder, such as a Governor or a Mayor. -
Muckraker
Writing to Congress in hopes of correcting abuses was slow and often produced zero results. Publishing a series of articles had a much more immediate impact. Muckraker was a brave cadre of reporters exposed injustices so grave they made the blood of the average American run cold. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. -
Dollar Diplomacy
From 1909 to 1913, President William Howard Taft and Secretary of State Philander C. Knox followed a foreign policy characterized as “dollar diplomacy.”“Dollar diplomacy” was evident in extensive U.S. interventions in the Caribbean and Central America, especially in measures undertaken to safeguard American financial interests in the region. I -
16th Amendment
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
17th Amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. -
Federal Reserve Act
Federal Reserve Act intended to establish a form of economic stability through the introduction of the Central Bank, which would be in charge of monetary policy, into the United States. -
18th Amendment
Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section 2. The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it sha -
Suffrage
The right to vote in political elections.On Election Day in 1920, millions of American women exercised their right to vote for the first time. It took activists and reformers nearly 100 years to win that right, and the campaign was not easy. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. Achieving this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle; victory took decades of agitation and protest. -
Immigration and the American Dream
Immigrants is associate the American dream with opportunity, a good job and home ownership. The American dream has many different meanings. U.S.-born citizens usually associate it with such themes as wealth, financial security, freedom and even family. Immigrants in the U.S., however, are more likely to define the American dream as the pursuit of opportunity, a good job, owning a home and in many cases, safety from war or persecution. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery incident that took place. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding. -
Urbanization and Industrialtion
Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It speaks much of the economy and how introducing industries propel the growth of it.
Urbanization of the other hand is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, which I believe is on the physical movement instead of some intangible reason.