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The Persian King, Darius, wanted to expand the Persian empire, so he launched an attack on Greece. He lost in the end, though, leaving him humiliated. This lasted until 449 BC.
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Around this time, Greek play-wright Sophocles began writing plays for the theater. Theater eventually becomes more common as more and more people start writing plays and performing them.
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The first temple to Athena, called The Parthenon, was built. The statue of Athena was around 40 feet tall and was made out of ivory and gold.
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This is the start of a 27 year long war between Athens and Sparta. Sparta eventually conquers Athens in the end.
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Socrates was put to death after annoying (questioning) the people of Athens multiple times each day.
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Plato, Socrates' student, had founded the Academy, which was made to teach the next philosophers.
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Alexander the Great's father, Philip of Macedon, dies, leaving Alexander to become king.
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Alexander the Great starts conquering more and more land, as well as eventually defeating the Persians.
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Egypt, after being conquered, becomes the capital of Alexandria, and eventually the Library of Alexandria is built there in 288 BC, but was destroyed 240 years later (48 BC).
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The Hellenistic Period started in 323 BC shortly after Alexander the Great died, leaving his empire open for attack. The Roman Empire took over a little over 177 years later.
