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Eratosthenes used the sun to measure the size of the round earth. He was the first to recognize that the earth was a sphere and not flat.
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Claudius Ptolemy wrote a book called the Almagest. This book defined astronomy for over 1,000 years.
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Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the planets revolved around the sun instead of the planets and sun revolving around the Earth
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Tycho Brahe observed the study of the solar system
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Johannes was a mathematics professor. He then published "Keplers laws" about the motions of the planets
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He used telescopes to prove his theory of light and color.
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He proposed a special theory of relativity in a paper he wrote in his paper " On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"