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Woodrow Wilson of US
This was the president who was elected in 1912, and led the US into WWI. Later wrote a plan for post-WWI peace known as the Fourteen Points. -
New Technology In WW1
Machine gun,
Posion gas,
Tank -
Central & Allied Powers
*Central- Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria. *Allied- France, Russia, Ireland, Great Britain, Serbia. -
M.A.I.N.E.
These are the five main causes of World War I. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Extreme Leaders. -
Balkan Region
Slavic Region of intense nationalism and imperial domination in mountains of south/eastern Europe - spark to set off powder keg of Europe. -
Shell Shock
a metal problem soldiers faced when in war. -
Conscription
The compulsory call of civilians to military service; the draft. -
Conditions Of Trench Warfare.
Many soldiers living in the trenches suffered from Trench Foot. ... The sustained exposure to the wet, muddy conditions could cause Trench Foot, which sometimes would result in the foot being amputated. Cold weather was dangerous, too and soldiers often lost fingers or toes to frostbite. -
Austria-Hungary
This Central Power empire during WWI, started the war with their invasion of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 . It was made up of Austria, Hungary and several other nations and territories. After World War I it split up into several nations. -
Shlieffen Plan
This was Germany's military plan at the outbreak of WWl. The plan was for troops to rapidly defeat France and move east to defeat Russia. -
The Event That "Sparked" WW1
Franz Ferdinand from Austria-Hungary was assassinated -
Lusitania
This British passenger ship was sunk by German U-boats in 1915, carrying civilians and ammunition to Britain from the U.S. The event turned American opinion against Germany. -
Eastern & Western Front
Eastern Front is cut through Russia and the Western Front is on the border of France and Belgium and Germany. -
U-boats
This new machinery used by the Germans in sea warfare, to attack British and American supply ships in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. -
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
This German Emperor led the Germans during WWI. In 1918 he was forced to step down by German Generals. -
18th amendment
banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol -
Red Scare
The fear of communism in the 1920s -
Bootlegger
a person who made and smuggled alcohol in the 1920s -
Flapper
young woman in the 1920's who declared her independence from traditional rules and fashion styles -
Harlem Renaissance
African American culture showcased through literature, poetry, art and music -
Great Migration
Large numbers of African Americans leaving the South for the hopes/dreams/jobs of the North -
Teapot Dome Scandal
President Harding had appointed personal friends as members for his cabinet. Some of these members were involved in government corruption such as the secretary of Interior leasing oil-rich land in return for bribes. -
Warren Harding
29th president of the U.S. He made poor decisions when appointing members to his cabinet -
Installment buying
Buying on credit and paying it back over time with interest -
Stock Market
shares (ownership) in a larger company; hopes to "share" in company profits
Brokers allowed investors to by stock "on margins" with as little as 10% down; the remainder was borrowed from the broker (margin loan) -
Buying on Margin
the purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage (10%) of the price and borrowing the rest -
Speakeasy
illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition -
19th amendment
Women earned the right to vote after suffrage leaders held conventions, parades, silent protest, and/or hunger strikes -
Wet
against prohibition -
dry
favor of prohibition -
Liberals and Conservatives
Liberals and conservatives clashed in the 1920s, liberals preferred newer ways of life and lived urban and conservatives liked to keep things the same and not change traditions and lived rurally. -
Farming
Farmers had borrowed money for machinery and land during the war, they lost European markets when the war ended, resulting in overproduction, surplus, and falling crop prices. -
Fundamentalism
Movement in the 20th century emphasizing the literally interpretation of the bible as a fundamental to Christian life and teaching -
Why did the stock market crash?
1.a. The stock market crashed in 1929 because so many people wanted to sell stocks but so few wanted to buy stocks. -
Bonus Army
A group of WWI veterans that demanded early payment of their military bonus. -
How is buying on margin similar to buying on installment plan?
Buying on margin is like an installment plan because you can buy something and pay a little every month until it's paid off. -
What was the goal of U.S. tariffs?
The goal of the U.S. tariffs was to make it difficult for European Nations to sell products in the U.S. -
Why did many Americans blame Hoover for the depression?
They blamed Hoover for the depression because he was doing nothing to end it. They thought the government should help them. But, Hoover believed it was up to Private individuals and institutions to offer help, and not the government. -
Why did the American people not listen to Hoover?
The American people did not listen to Hoover because they blamed him for the Great Depression. -
How do you think Franklin D. Roosevelt's experiences as gov. of New York helped him appeal to voters?
Roosevelt's experience as governor helped him because he had political experience and he helped get New Yorkers out of debt. -
The Tennessee Valley Authority
The Tennessee Valley Authority hired people to build dams and generators, bringing electricity and jobs to communities in the Tennessee River valley. -
What was the purpose of the bank holiday?
It was to get ride of all the bad banks and leave the good banks open. -
Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune was one of several African Americans who Roosevelt appointed to his administration. Their role was to advance the concerns of African Americans in the Roosevelt White House. -
Woody Guthrie
Oklahoma born folk singer crisscrossed the country singing his songs of loss and struggle. -
Black Tuesday
On Tuesday, October 29, a day that became known as Black Tuesday. The stock market crashed. So many people wanted to sell their stocks, and so few wanted to buy, that stock prices collapsed. -
What happend to the economy as a result of the stock market crash?
The economy fell. There was a banking crisis in which the banks lost the money they had invested in the stock market, as well the money they had loaned their customers to buy stocks on margin. -
Why did many banks close in the late 1920s and early 30s
Many banks closed in the late 1920s and early 30s because they did not have any more money. The reason for not having money was because their customers withdrew all their money because they were afraid their bank would close, and they'd lose all their money. However, the banks didn't keep that much cash on hand to cover all the deposits and ran out of money. So, many had to close. -
Which party was more successful in the 1932 elections?
Roosevelt's party was more successful in the election. Because he had taken active steps to help the citizens of his state, especially the farmers. -
What programs were part of the 2nd New Deal?
The WPA, NYA, NLRA, SSA. -
Dust Bowl
From North Dakota to Texas, crops withered away due to a severe drought. With no roots to hold it in place, topsoil began to blow away. Massive dust storms swept the region, turning parts of the Great Plains into the Dust Bowl -
Hoover Traits
Individualism, bonus army, indirect relief, conservative, depression is a local problem, no deficit spending, reconstruction finance corporation, Hawley smoot act, trickle-down theory, a republican, balanced budget, federal farm board. -
Franklin Roosevelt
Born into a wealthy family, an only child, attended Harvard University, studied history and law. Married Eleanor Roosevelt. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Most influential 1st lady -
Brain Trust
a group of experts appointed to advise a government or politician. -
Frances Perkins
1st female in his cabinet -
Presidency
Franklin D Roosevelt, elected into office 4 times, used media to the fullest, Talked on the radios known as "fireside chats" -
John Maynard Keynes
Suggested increasing government spending and deficit spend if necessary. Cutting taxes, Creating government job programs. -
New Deal Program
Relief (short term, temporary), Recovery (programs aimed at industrial and agricultural recovery) , Reform (lasting changes) -
Charles Coughlin
"Radio Priest" wanted banks nationalized and Blamed Hitler and the jews. -
Dr Francis Townsend
focused on a program for the elderly, give people 60 and older 200 dollars a month, had to spend, couldn't save. This led to social security -
Huey Long
(King Fish), created "share the wealth". Louisiana senator and governor guaranteed each family 5,000 and year. Would tax the rich and give to the poor. Got assassinated before he could run for the presidency. -
Agricultural act
boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. -
civilian conversations corps
was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men -
The Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was passed in 1935 provided some financial security for the elderly, the disabled children, and the unemployed. -
Axis Powers
Alliance of Germany, Italy, Japan -
Allied Powers
Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II. -
Invasion of Poland
Germany invaded them, breaking their agreement, so Britain and France declared war, starting World War II -
Adolf Hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945), Nazi leader and founder; had over 6 million Jews assassinated during the Holocaust -
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945) -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust took place in Europe between 1933 and 1945. Six million Jews were systematically and brutally murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators. Millions of non-Jews, including Roma and Sinti(Gypsies), Serbs, political dissidents, people with disabilities, homosexuals and Jehova's Witnesses, were also persecuted by the Nazis. -
Concentration Camps
prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately. -
Propaganda
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. -
General Dwight Eisenhower
Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. Led the allied invasion of North Africa and planned and executed the D-Day invasion at Normandy (Operation Overlord) (Operation Neptune) and the Battle of the Bulge in Europe. -
Hideki Tojo
Leader Of Japan, prime minister, and military leader -
Mediterranean Sea
Is who Italy wanted to control -
who did Italy invaded and controled in 1935.
Ethiopia -
who did Germany invade, called blitzkrieg
Poland -
The goal of the Munich Conference was to
stop further German aggression in Europe -
"Phony War"
Period of no fighting September 1939 - April 1940 -
Cash-n-Carry Policy
Purpose to aid the Allies -
fighting that took place in Europe
European Theater -
Causes of World War 2, sep1, 1939- sep2, 1945
Nationalism, Imperialism, the Great Depression, and the Treaty of Versailles -
Harry Truman
Harry Truman was president when the 2nd red scare happened -
Rosie the Riveter
A propaganda character designed to increase employment of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part. -
Appeasment
A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Britain's Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler when Hitler was building up his military and taking back lands lost after WW1. -
Joseph Stalin
Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition -
D-Day
, June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch French coastline (Operation Neptune) to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which "we will accept nothing less than full victory." More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day's end on June 6, the Allies gained a foothold in Normandy (Operation Overlord). 5 place were Juno, Omaha, Utah, Gold, Sword -
Munich Conference consisted of which countries?
Germany, Italy, Britain, & France -
The United States passed the Neutrality Act. What does this mean to warring nations?
No arms from the United States -
December 7, 1941
Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor -
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler's last major offensive -
Cold War
1945 - 1991 A state of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union without actual fighting. -
Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West. (boundary that separated NATO. -
Diplomacy
Negotiation between nations -
Ronald Regan
Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) -
Stalemate
A military situation in which neither side can gain an advantage -
Demilitarized Zone
A region between countries in which no military activity is permitted -
Militarization
A society organized around preparing for a military conflict -
Manchuria
A resource-rich region in northern China -
united nations
an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security -
totalitarianism
A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens. -
arms race
a competition between nations to have the most powerful armaments -
containment
to restrict expansion of communism -
Domino Theory
When one nation follows along with communism and that's what started containment. -
blockade
to seal off a place in order to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving. -
Warsaw Pact
An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO) -
Rationing
limiting the purchase of a variety of products -
Convoy system
a system where cargo ships traveled in groups escorted by navy warships -
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. -
isolationism
a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. -
Truman Doctrine
Aimed at saving Greece and Turkey -
Marshall Plan
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) -
Berlin Airlift
airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin -
nato
A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations to prevent the spread of Communism. -
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization -
22nd amendment
2 term limit for presidency -
Nikita Kroushchev
Communist dictator of Cuba -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower was president when Korean conflict ends in a stalemate at the 38th parallel -
space race, 1955-1975
competition between the U.S and the Soviet Union to be the first to land a man on the moon was a contest to gain dominance -
Sputnik
The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US. -
Fidel Castro
Soviet Premier of Cuba , then later became president. -
Berlin Wall
a barrier that separated East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Built by the gov.t of what was then East Germany to keep East Berliners from the West. -
John f Kennedy
John f Kennedy was around when the Bays of Pigs invasion happened -
Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon was president when NASA achieves moon landing -
What happened to the S.U at the end of the Cold War?
They became independent countries -
George Bush sr.
George was President was the Soviet Union collapsed
