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First 10 amendments
Protect individual rights and liberties
The Bill of rights was necessary in order for some states to ratify the constitution -
1st-Freedom of speech, religion, and press; right to assemble; right to petition 2nd-Right to bear arms (guns) 3rd-No quartering troops during peacetime 4th-No unlawful search and seizure 5th-No double jeopardy, do not have to testify against yourself 6th-The right to a fast and public trial 7th-Trial by jury 8th-No cruel or unusual punishment 9th-Rights reserved to the people 10th-Powers Reserved to the states
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(November 25, 1835-August 11, 1919) Scottish-American industrialist, controlled most of the steel industry, and CAPTIAN OF INDUSTRY, wrote Gosple of wealth.
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After gold was discovered in California, over 40,000 people migrated from the east to "strike it rich"
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Makes the laws,
Senate,
House of Representatives, -
Carries out laws,
President,
Vice President,
Cabinet -
Evaluates laws,
Supreme Court,
Other Federal Courts -
Power is shared between state and national goverment
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The power of the government is restricted by the U.S. constitution. "No one is above the law".
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A system where people vote for elected representatives to run the government
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The people hold the ultimate power and are the source of the government's legitimacy, power, and authority. " We the people "
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Time inncorrect
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This was a major problem during the Gilded Age
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Apartments built in city slums to house large numbers of people. Many immigrants were forced to live in these "slum" neighborhoods.
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A small factory where workers were paid low wages in bad working conditions. Immigrants were considered cheap labor.
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Ensured that appointments to government jobs were based upon merit and qualifications. It was designed to prevent the "spoils system" and patronage
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1854-1857
Radical Republicans- Were blacks that believed that the confederates should be punished, Called themselves the radicals. -
The situation in which one company controls an entire industry
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Was known as the "Giant of Finance". Began his career as an accountant. Was a banker and a great organizer of companies like Ge and AT&T. Bought Carnegie steel in 1901; renamed it U.S. Steel.
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Founder of Hull House in Chicago,
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Founder of Hull House in Chicago
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April 12th, 1861-1865 April 9th. Issue over slavery
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-Steam engine:1781 James Watt patented a steam engine,10hp engines,1883-10,000hp. -Rifles:1861-1873, Springfield Rifled Percussion Musket, over one million were produced.
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Was a law that provided 160 acres to anyone who was willing to settle land in the west
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Was a law that provided 160 acres to anyone who was willing to settle land in the west.
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He started out in shipping, buying his first ferry boat at age 16. Eventually had a large fleet of ferries and ocean steamships. Saw Railroads as the future; bought many RRs before/after the civil war. became the wealthiest man in America. Built Grand Central depot in New York City. He made a deal with John Rockefeller to transport his oil. Would have been worth 143 billion dollars in 2007.
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-Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse and the South loses the war -Lincoln was assassinated five days after the war -The Southern economy was devastated while the North economy became stronger than before the war -Reconstruction began
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1865-1877 Reunite nation, Rebuilding south, economy, Infrastructure, Protect freedmen civil rights.
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1865-1870
13-abolish slavery
14-Citizenship granted if born in the U.S.
15-right to vote can't be justified by race or color -
The founded standard oil company in 1870. By 1880---> 90% monopoly; nation's first billionaire. drove out competitors by selling oil at a lower price than it cost to produce. Raised prices once he controlled the market. Gave away 500 million dollars.
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As demand for beef increased, cowboys drove herds of cattle along trails to be shipped to the east by railroad. Famous trails include the Chisholm, Western, and Goodnight-Loving.
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When Industrial was being developed in the U.S.
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1-Capital
2-Labor
3-Technology
4-Transportation
5-Government cooperation
6-Natural Resources
7-Setting the stage -
1878 tax on imports, buying American goods.
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Immigrants first sight of America was often the Statue of Liberty
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Rags to riches: born to poor Scottish family who immigrated to the U.S. Worked his way to become a private secretary to the local superintendent of the Pensylvania RailRoad. Entered the steel business in 1887. Controlled 25% of U.S. steel production. Sold his steel business to J.P. Morgan in 1901
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Canadian born but settled in St.Paul. "Empire Builder" used no government land grants. Built great northern railroad from Duluth to Puget Sound, WA. Home in St. Paul belongs to MN Historical society.
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Outlawed buisness, monopolies, but was not very effective at limiting the power of big buisness
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16th-Established the federal income tax
17th-Established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
18th-Prohibited alcohol
19th-Established the right to vote for women -
NewYork and New Jersey is the location of the Ellis island port. The Ellis island port
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A port that provides free passage guaranteed jobs, and a place to stay with local families
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The referendum, citizens place laws on ballots. Initiative, citizens vote yes or no on a law
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Community centers that heped immigrants address the problems of horrible living conditions, disease, illiteracy, and uneployment
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20 million Americans lived in poverty ( had very small middle class)
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President from 1901-1908, Square Deal, name of Roosevelt's plan to help people, Coal strike of 1902 Settled by TR because of attribution, Bull Moose Party name of Roosevelt's party in the election of 1912. Muckrakers, Journalists who exposed the bad things in the U.S. Meat inspection act, Government checks if the meat is good or bad. Sherman anti-trust act,
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president from 1912-1920, New Freedom was the name of Woodrow Wilson's plan to help people. Name of Wilson's political party-Democrat.
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With WWI underway Europe, President Wilson proclaims neutrality and offers to mediate the conflict.
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German U-boats sink the Lusitania, killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans
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NEW YORK TIMES articles related to the sinking of the Lusitania May 1915
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After Germans sink a French ferry, the Sussex, the United States threatens to break diplomatic relations with the Germans, if they ever attacked a civilian ship again.
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Germany Pledges to restrict its submarine warfare and not to attack merchant ships without warning.
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Woodrow Wilson elected to a second term as President on the campaign pledge, " He Kept Us Out Of War ".
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Germany announces its intentions to resume unrestricted use of submarine warfare.
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The United States breaks diplomatic relations with Germany in response to January 31st announcment
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Woodrow Wilson delivers a message to Congress asking for Declaration of War against Germany
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CONGRESS DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY
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An armistice ends the fighting in WWI
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President Wilson arrives in France to help negotiate a treaty
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The treaty of Versailles is signed, formally ending WWI
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Organizations that protected the interests of the worker. They created the 40-hour workweek and dealt with dangerous working conditions. They also organized strikes. Famous labor unions included Knights of Labor and the American Federation of labor. Their activity today centers on collective bargaining over wages, benefits, and working conditions for their membership, and on representing their members in disputes with management over violations of contract provisions.
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