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This first contact with North America and Native Americans led to the “Columbian Exchange”
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Refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds.
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Conquered the Aztec Empire
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Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru
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Spanish settlers and Native Americans intermarried, creating a mixed race called mestizos.
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Roanoke – 1st attempt at English settlement – “The Lost Colony”
Founded on Roanoke Island off the coast of NC -
1st successful English settlement!
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New France – along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.
Quebec,Montreal – Canada
Detroit (Michigan), New Orleans (Louisiana) -
New Amsterdam – Hudson River
New York City, Albany, Long Island, New Jersey. -
Believed in religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair treatment of the Native Americans
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Pequot Indians in Connecticut resisted white settlement
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As a result, both nations made claims on this territory and a race began to see who would control it.
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Britain v. French and Native Americans
Fighting French settlers and Native Americans over land -
Forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains and put the territory under British military control.
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The killings increased the colonists desire to declare their independence from Great Britain.
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British General Thomas Gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition the colonists had stored in the town of Concord, just outside of Boston.
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Listed all of the colonists grievances against the Crown; explained why they were declaring independence
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Americans won the war,
War was officially ended with the Treaty of Paris -
Delegates met to revise the Articles of Confederation but decided to create a new constitution
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Washington wanted to set up a federal court system headed by a Supreme Court
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British began stopping US ships bound for France and impressing seamen (taking US sailors captive and forcing them to serve the British)
Intended to hurt the French, but hurt US trade -
Amendments added to the Constitution between 1795 and 1992 to protect the rights of citizens in the United States
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Napoleon agreed to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million dollars
Effects:
Doubled the size of the United States
Economic turning point for the US -
Burr and Hamilton were political adversaries - most famous - Election of 1800
Burr killed Hamilton; he died the following day of his wounds -
Along the way, a Native American woman was enlisted to serve as a guide and interpreter - Sacajawea.
The expedition led to a large migration of settlers to the Pacific Northwest - traveled via the Oregon Trail -
US did not want to get involved with problems between Britain and France
President Jefferson declared an embargo(no trade) with Britain and France
Jefferson’s alternative to war
Believed it would hurt Britain and other European countries and force them to accept American Neutrality -
Following the War of 1812, the United States entered into a period of national pride and political unity
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US acquired Florida and established a firm boundary between the Louisiana Territory (US territory through the Louisiana Purchase) and Spanish territory in the west
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US faced widespread economic problems
Foreclosures
Bank failures
Unemployment
Slump in agriculture and manufacturing -
Supreme Court (John Marshall) ruled that Congress had the right to establish a national bank under the Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause of the Constitution
Power of federal government over state government -
Stated American continents were no longer open to colonization - US would view any attempt as an act of aggression
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Supreme Court (John Marshall) ruled that only Congress had the power to regulate interstate commerce and foreign trade
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Protective tariff designed to protect northern manufacturing from competition from cheaper British imports
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Caused the south to strengthen slave codes (laws restricting activities and conduct of slaves)
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