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Period: to
War of Independence
Delegates from thirteen American colonies of British America in Congress against Great Britain -
Declaration of Independence
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Treaty of Paris
Officially ended the American Revolutionary War. Set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States of America, on lines "exceedingly generous" to the latter -
Independence from the British Empire
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Constitutional Convention
revise the ailing Articles of Confederation. However, the Convention soon abandoned the Articles, drafting a new Constitution with a much stronger national government -
George Washington
Constitutional Convention / Whiskey Rebellion -
New Constitution
new form of government for the United States -
Bill of Rights
Ten amendments: guns, protection against incrimination yourself, freedom of speech, right to protest -
Period: to
Whiskey Rebellion
A tax protest. "Whiskey tax" was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government. Intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War. -
Fugitive Slave Act
right to retrieve slaves from free states, penalties to those helping slaves -
John Adams
Co-drafted Declaration of Independence -
Thomas Jefferson
Co-drafted and completed Declaration of Independence -
Louisiana Purchase
doubled the size of the United States, greatly strengthened the country materially and strategically, provided a powerful impetus to westward expansion, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution -
Slave import banned
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James Monroe
Monroe Doctrine: American sovereignty from European nations while asserting a national right of influence over the western hemisphere -
Missouri Compromise
Was United States federal legislation that stopped northern attempts to forever prohibit slavery's expansion by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state in exchange for legislation which prohibited slavery north of the 36°30′ parallel except for Missouri -
Period: to
Missouri Compromise
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Resistance and violence (slavery)
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Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears
Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, beginning the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans in what became known as the Trail of Tears -
The Liberator
was a weekly abolitionist newspaper, printed and published in Boston. Religious rather than political, it appealed to the moral conscience of its readers, urging them to demand immediate freeing of the slaves ("immediatism"). It also promoted women's rights, an issue that split the American abolitionist movement. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, led by Nat Turner. The rebels killed between 55 and 65 people, at least 51 of whom were white. State legislatures passed new laws prohibiting the education of enslaved people and free black people, restricting rights of assembly and other civil liberties for free black people, and requiring white ministers to be present at all worship services. -
Democratic and Republican party formed
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Amerindians
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Period: to
Large immigration
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Period: to
Potato famine
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Monroe Doctrine
a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas. It argued that any intervention in the politics of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the United States -
Fugitive Slave Act II
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Dred Scott Decision
was an enslaved African-American man in the US who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom. Scott claimed that he and his wife should be granted their freedom because they had lived in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory for four years, where slavery was illegal and their laws said that slaveholders gave up their rights to slaves if they stayed for an extended period. Decision: couldn't claim citizenship in the US thus Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules -
Asian Immigration Ban
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Abraham Lincoln
During Civil War: anti-slavery / Gettysburg Address -
Confederacy formed
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Period: to
Civil War
The American Civil War was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a collection of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861. The conflict began primarily as a result of the long-standing disagreement over the institution of slavery -
Emancipation declaration
The Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to the slaves in the Confederate States if the States did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863. In addition, under this proclamation, freedom would only come to the slaves if the Union won the war. -
New Orleans captured by the Union
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General Lee attacks Gettysburg
He challenged Union forces during the war's bloodiest battles, including Antietam and Gettysburg, before surrendering to Union General Ulysses S. Grant in 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, marking the end of the devastating conflict that nearly split the United States. -
Slavery abolished
13th amendment -
Confederacy surrenders
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Abraham Lincoln assassinated
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Period: to
Reconstruction
- Black men could vote
- Segregation
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(Sioux) Fort Laramie treaty
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14th amendment
granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including formerly enslaved people—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” -
15th amendment
established that neither race nor slavery could prevent black people from voting -> impossible to pass literacy tests to limit the ability of African Americans to vote -
Gold in Black Hills
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Anti-Semitism
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Statue of Liberty
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Wounded Knee Massacre
In the years leading up to the conflict, the U.S. government had continued to seize Lakota lands. It was a massacre of nearly three hundred Lakota people by soldiers of the United States Army -
Period: to
Ellis Island
a federally-owned island in New York Harbor that was once the busiest immigrant inspection station -
Square Deal
domestic program, which reflected Roosevelt's three major goals: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection -
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -
The New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson's campaign platform in the 1912 presidential election, and also refers to the progressive programs enacted by Wilson during his first term as president from 1913 to 1916 while the Democrats controlled Congress. Tariff reform, Business reform, Banking reform -
National Woman’s Party founded
an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage. -
Period: to
First Red Scare
a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution, and political radicalism -
Spanish flu
influenza pandemic was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus -
Sacco and Vanzetti
Were Italian immigrant anarchists who were controversially convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery in the United States. Seven years later, they were electrocuted in the electric chair at Charlestown State Prison -
19th amendment
Prohibits the United States and the states from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, in effect recognising the right of women to a vote. -
Period: to
Alcohol prohibition (18th amendment)
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Reed-Johnson Immigration Act
The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. It completely excluded immigrants from Asia. -
Indian Citizenship Act
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Equal Rights Amendment
A proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex. It seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in matters of divorce, property, employment, and other matters -
Period: to
Electrical industry growth
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Herbert Hoover
During Roaring Twenties and the Wall Street Crash -
Wall Street Crash
share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed + signaled the beginning of the Great Depression -
Period: to
Great Depression
Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade fell by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 23% -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
New Deal (Great Depression) / Good Neigbor Policy -
21th amendment
repealed the 18th Amendment on December 5, 1933, though prohibition continued in some states. To date, this is the only time in American history in which a constitutional amendment was passed for the purpose of repealing another -
Period: to
Roosevelt’s New Deal
a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Major federal programs and agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). They provided support for farmers, the unemployed, youth and the elderly. -
Period: to
Good Neighbor Policy
Main principle: non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America -
Indian Reorganization Act
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Wagner Act
The National Labor Relations Act solidified worker’s rights and enacted laws for handling relations between employers and labor unions -
Strange Fruit
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Period: to
WW II
Black Americans at war -
Four Freedoms
Goals articulated by the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday, January 6, 1941. In an address known as the Four Freedoms speech (technically the 1941 State of the Union address), he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy: Freedom of speech, Freedom of worship, Freedom from want, Freedom from fear -
Harry S. Truman
Ordered equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the Armed Forces / During Cold War: Truman Doctrine = the United States would provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces / During Korean War / Established the NATO -
A-Bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima
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Vietnam split in North and South
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Period: to
Iron Curtain
a political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allied states. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union, while on the west side were the countries that were NATO members or nominally neutral. -
Truman doctrine
the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces -
Period: to
Cold War
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Period: to
Second Red Scare
the perception that national or foreign communists were infiltrating or subverting U.S. society and the federal government -
Equality in Armed Forces
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Organization of American States (OAS)
Goal: encourage Latin America, US as partner, increase living standard. = an international organization that was founded on 30 April 1948 for the purposes of solidarity and co-operation among its member states within the Western Hemisphere -
Blockade of East Germany and air lift
Allies dropped food and such by planes -
Marshall Plan
an American initiative passed in 1948 for foreign aid to Western Europe. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of communism -
China falls under communist Mao
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First Nuclear bomb testings by Soviet Union
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NATO signed
North Atlantic Treaty Organization -
McCarthyism
anti-communist activities -
North Korea invades South Korea
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Period: to
Korean War
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First US H-Bomb tested
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
During Korean War: threatened China with A-bomb / NATO: was in charge of the soldiers / Domino Theory: Asia has a lot of unsettled countries, if one of them e.g., Vietnam, fell under communist rule, others would follow. They would be knocked over one by one, like a line of falling dominoes / During the Vietnam War: poured American money and weapons into South Vietnam -
Brown vs. Board of Education case
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Period: to
Civil Rights Movement
= 2nd Reconstruction: MLK jr. + Malcolm X -
Rosa Parks
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Emmit Till
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Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact embodied what was referred to as the Eastern bloc, while NATO and its member countries represented the Western bloc. NATO and the Warsaw Pact were ideologically opposed and, over time, built up their own defences starting an arms race that lasted throughout the Cold War. -
North Vietnam invades Laos and South Vietnam
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Sputnik
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Montgomery Movement
6 principles of nonviolence -
Failed Paris summit between Eisenhower and Krushchev
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John F. Kennedy
During Vietnam War: sent soldiers as advisers and trainers and poured American money and weapons into South Vietnam / Was assassinated -
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
to hear King's 'I Have a Dream' speech -
Lyndon B. Johnson
During Vietnam War: bombing cities in North Vietnam to force communists to make peace -
Civil Rights Act
outlawed segregation in schools, public places or jobs -
Voting Rights Act
outlawed racial discrimination in voting -
Black Power Movement
a social movement motivated by a desire for safety and self-sufficiency that was not available inside redlined African American neighborhoods. Black Power activists founded black-owned bookstores, food cooperatives, farms, media, printing presses, schools, clinics and ambulance services. -
Period: to
Black Power Movement
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MLK assassinated
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Fair Housing Act
outlawed discrimination in housing -
Period: to
Vietnam War
America's involvement -
Richard M. Nixon
Watergate Affair / During Vietnam War: Vietnamization = plan to achieve peace without losing face. It was set out to strengthen the South Vietnamese army to make it seem strong enough to defend SV without help. Nixon started bombing their cities again to ‘persuade’ them to agree. -
American Indian Movement
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The Watergate Affair
a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation -
Equal Opportunity Act
sought to ensure African Americans were better represented in certain industries -
American Indian Movement (AIM) and Trail of Broken Treaties