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Brown vs. Board of Education
In this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States, overruling the "separate but equal" principle set forth in the Plessy v. Ferguson case.
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Learning Disabilities Association of America
Parents formed the Learning Disabilities Association of America at a conference in Chicago.
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was created as a part of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s “War on Poverty." This law committed to equal access to quality education. This law also distributed funds to schools in an attempt to close the gap between low-income students and students of a higher SES.
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Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children, along with
parents of children with mild to severe disabilities, sued the state. The court decided that children with IDD could not be excluded from school and had a right to FAPE ( Free and appropriate public education).
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Mills v. District of Columbia Board of Education
The Mills suit brought on behalf of 7 children in the District, based on the 14th amendment and claimed that children with disabilities were excluded from public education without due process. The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education.
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act was the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. Section 504 works together with the ADA and IDEA to protect children and adults with disabilities from exclusion, and unequal treatment in schools, jobs and the community.
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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Congress passed this act in which it was designed to assure that all handicapped children have access to a free appropriate public education. This act also assured access to special education designed to meets students unique needs.
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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992
This act extended civil rights to people with disabilities. This act made it so that people with disabilities could not be discriminated against solely on the basis of their disability.
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No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
The purpose of this act was to hold schools and educators responsible for bringing students to minimum level of competency. NCLB did not specifically target students with disabilities but has had an impact on all schoolchildren including those with disabilities.
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Individuals with Disabilities Educations Act
IDEA is the reauthorization of the original legislation (Education for All Handicapped Children Act). IDEA made it requirement for Special Education teachers to be certified and have a license to teach. IDEA also changed IEP standards and transition planning.
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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
The purpose of this act was to stimulate economic activity in a variety of areas and was a direct result of the 2009-9 recession. The act resulted in large funds being distributed to the states under IDEA to improve the delivery of quality of early intervention services.
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Every Student Succeeds Act
ESSA replaced No Child Left Behind was signed under Obamas Administration. The purpose of ESSA is to make sure public schools provide a quality education for all kids. ESSA gives states more of say in how schools account for student achievement. ESSA assures that students get the support that they need and also allows for 1 percent of student to receive alternate tests.
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