Renaissance Timeline

Georg Peurbach & Johannes Regiomontanus

Sep 11, 1462

One of the major publications of Renaissance natural philosophy, the Epitome of Ptolemy's Almagest appears; the authors, Georg Peurbach (1423-1461) and Johannes Regiomontanus (1436-1476), symbolize a shift from reverence for Ptolemy and antiquity to respect coupled with confident innovation.

New Theory of the Planets

Nov 18, 1472

LinkGeorg Peurbach's New Theory of the Planets (1454) sought to reconcile geometric descriptive models for predicting planetary motions by employing homocentric (nested concentric) celestial spheres.

comprehensive heliocentric

Nov 18, 1473

Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) born.The first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology,

Malleus Malificarum

Nov 18, 1486

The Malleus Malificarum (The Hammer of the Witches) is published as an influential guidebook to identifying witches and bringing them to punishment.written in 1486 by Heinrich Kramer, an Inquisitor of the Catholic Church, and was first published in Germany in 1487.[3] Jacob Sprenger is also often attributed as an author, but some scholars now believe that he became associated with the Malleus Maleficarum largely as a result of Kramer's wish to lend his book as much official authority as possible

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Nov 18, 1494

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy and magic against all comers (1463-1494) attacks practical magic, especially, astrology, as it calls into questions traditional notions of human free will; this concern underscores longstanding issues associated with the Condemnations of 1270 and 1277 which seems to have undermined the authority of Aristotle.

Christopher Columbus

Aug 26, 1506

1451 -- Christopher Columbus (d.1506) is born as is Amerigo Vespucci (d. 1512), explorers.

Heliocentrism

Nov 18, 1514

The initial appearance of the heliocentric theory of Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) is associated with the private circulation of a manuscript known as the Commentariolus (The Little Commentary) which was published many years later. :Heliocentrism, or heliocentricism,[1] is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a stationary Sun at the center of the solar system.

Girolamo Fracastoro

Nov 18, 1522

Girolamo Fracastoro (1475-1553) provides one of the first descriptions of a new disease in a work entitled Syphilis, or the French Disease. As an aside, the Italians called it the French disease, the French called it Italian disease.As in England, the French established a Collège Royal in Paris, its purpose was the advancement of learning which included lectures open to the public and a forum for practitioners in medicine, philosophy, and mathematics.

Portraits of Living Plants

Nov 18, 1530

1530-1536 -- Publication of Portraits of Living Plants, by Otto Brunfels's (c.1489-1534), a botanical work that employed freshly drawn illustrations from living plants, undermining the practice of copying drawings from existing accounts.

On the Disciplines

Nov 18, 1531

1531 -- Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540) in his On the Disciplines argues for the reform of education and a more receptive approach to skills traditionally associated with the craft and trade traditions.

Peter Apian Theory

Nov 18, 1532

1532 -- Peter Apian (1495-1552) and Fracastoro observe that the tail of the comet his year, later known as Halley's Comet, pointed away from the sun, a detail also recognized by Regiomontanus.

Occult Philosophy

Nov 18, 1533

1533 -- As the Hermetic tradition unfolded, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's (1486-1535) published his On Occult Philosophy.

Girolamo Fracastoro continued to explore cosmological

Nov 18, 1538

Girolamo Fracastoro continued to explore cosmological and technical alternatives to Ptolemy in his Homocentrica, again employing nested concentric spheres rather than deferents and epicycles associated with Ptolemy's Almagest.

Georg Joachim Rheticus

Nov 18, 1540

Georg Joachim Rheticus (1514-1574), a friend of Copernicus and the presumed author, provides an account of the heliocentric hypothesis in his Narratio prima (First Account).

On the Fabric of the Human Body

Nov 18, 1543

One of the most famous publications in natural philosophy was the anatomical book of Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), De fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body). It was arguably the most important anatomical texts of the century, at once criticizing the work of the ancients, principally Galen, which offering new illustrations based on first-hand observation and fresh dissections.In the same year appeared Copernicus' heliocentric theory' in his De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Rev)

Great Art

Nov 18, 1545

1545 -- In mathematics, Girolamo Cardano's (1501-1576) The Great Art contained many algebraic innovations and new methods for treating equations of the third degree.
In medicine, Ambroise Paré (1510-1590) introduced new methods in surgery and for treating wounds, arguing for ointments rather than boiling oils.

Alphonsine Tables

Nov 18, 1551

1551 -- Deriving his results from Copernicus' data and planetary models, the German astronomer Erasmus Reinhold (1511-1553) publishes his Prutenic Tables, which for many astronomers replaced the outdated efforts associated with the Alphonsine Tables (1252). Reinhold's efforts were not seriously challenged until Kepler Rudolphine Tables, which were based on Tycho's data and Kepler's new calculation methods.
Founding of the Collegio Romano, as a Jesuit university, many of whose teachers and studen