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Period: to
The American Civil WAr
history -
Election of 1860
Final event that triggered the South's decision to leave the Union was the election of Lincoln, Republican platform promised a protective tariff for industry, free land for homesteaders, and internal improvements. Lincoln carried every free state of the North which was 59% of electoral votes. -
Jefferson Davis
after he resigned from the U.S. Senate, Davis was selected provisional President of the Confederate States of America; he was elected without opposition to a six-year term that November. he tried to increase his executive powers but southern governors resisted attempts at centralization. His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country, and he paid little attention to the collapsing Southern economy, printing more and more paper money to cover the war's expenses. -
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, south Carolina, was cut off from vital supplies and reinforcements by southern control of the harbor. Lincoln announced that he was going to send provisions of food. He gave S.C. choice of permitting the fort to hold out or open fire with its shore batteries. Southern guns fired first. It united most of the notherners behind a patriotic fight to save the Union. -
Winfield Scott and the Anaconda Plan
a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852. He served in the Civil War and conceived the Union strategy known as the Anaconda Plan that would defeat the Confederacy. He devised a long-term plan to defeat the Confederacy by occupying key terrain, such as the Mississippi River and key ports on the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico, and then moving on Atlanta. It divided the Confederacy into two by takin the miss. rvr. Raise 500,000 troops. -
Thomas Stonewall Jackson
a Confederate general during the American Civil War, Jackson became a drill master for some of the many new recruits in the Confederate Army. he would assemble and command the famous "Stonewall Brigade", consisting of the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 27th, and 33rd Virginia Infantry regiments. He rose to prominence and earned his most famous nickname at the First Battle of Manassas (First Manassas) on July 21, 1861. -
Battle of Bull Run
1st major battle where 30,000 federal troops marched to Washington,D.C. to attack Confederate forces near Bull Run Creek at Manassas Junction, Virgina. When Union was about to win Confederate reinforcements under Gen. thomas (Stonewall) Jackson sent the Union troops Washington. The battle ended the illusion of a short war and also promoted the myth that the Rebels were invincible. -
Robert E. Lee
In invasion of Virginia March 1862, Lee stopped the Union army .He emerged as the commander of the souths eastern forces. in the 2nd battle of bullrun he striked Gen.John Popes union army in Northern Virginia. he led his army into maryland hoping to win and convince Britain to help. McClellan was restored and knew Lee's battle plans. Lee's army was weakend & forced to retreat to virginia. -
MONITOR VS. MERRIMAC
During McClellan's Peninsula campaign, Norh's blockade strategy was placed in jeopardy by Confederate ironclad ship the Merrimac tht cld attack and sink the Unions wooden ships. Union navy countered w/ the Monitor, which fought a 5hr. duel w/ the southern ironclad near Hampton Rds, VA in March 1862. Battle ended in a draw, Monitor prevented Merrimac from challenging US Naval blockade. the ease w/ which ironclads destroyed wooden ships revolutionized future of warfare. -
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties.Union was victorious bc they a copy of Confederate strategy had been dropped accidentally. Union intercepted invading Confederates at Antietam Creek in Maryland.Confederates retreated, McClellan failed to pursue thm -
George McClellan
a major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Early in the war, McClellan played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army for the Union. Led Union army to intercept Confederates in Antietam where he failed to pursue Lee's weakended army. Lincoln removed his as commander of Union Army -
BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG
McClellan was replaced with Ambrose Burnside. A large army under Burnside attacked Lee's army at Fredericksburg, Virgina & suffered immense losses: 12,000 dead. Burnside's plan was to cross the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg in mid-November and race to the Confederate capital of Richmond before Lee's army could stop him. -
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Lincoln justified his policy by callint it a "military necessity". He would free all slaves in the states then at war with the US. It didnt immediately free a single slave. Slavery in the border states was allowed to continue. it commited the US gov. toa policy of abolition in the south, also enlarged the purpose of the war. for 1st time Union armies were fighting vs slavery. it added weight to the Confiscation acts, increasing # of slaves who sought freedom by fleeing to union lines. -
BATTLE OF VICKBURG
IN the west, union forces controlled New Orleans and most of Miss. Rv. Grant began his siege of heavily fortified city of Vicksburg, mississppi. Union artillery bombarded vicksburg for 7 wks bfore the Confederates finally surrendered the city on july 4. federal warships now controlled the mississppi and cut off texas, louisiana, & arkansas from the rest of the confederacy. -
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
In the east: Lee led his army to maryland and pennsylvania. The invading southern army surtprised Union units at Gettysburg. over 500,000 casualties occured. Lee's assault on Union lines proved futile and destroyed a good parf of the confederate army. what was left of Lee's forces retreated to VA,nevr regained the offensive. -
GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the decisive Battle of Gettysburg.Lincoln invoked the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and redefined the Civil War as a struggle not merely for the Union, but as "a new birth of freedom" that would bring true equality to all of its cit -
ULYSSES S. GRANT
The Norths campaign for control of the Miss. Rv partly under Grants command. He used combination of gunboats and army maneuvers to capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. these victories in which 14,000 confeds were taken prisoner, opened up the state of mississippi to Union attack. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America.Finally breaking through Lee's trenches at Petersburg, the Union Army captured Richmond, the Confedera -
APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
Court house in virginia. confederates tried to negotiante for peace but Lincoln wouldnt accept anything but the resoration of the Union. Jefferson Davis wanted freedom. Lee retreated from richmond . he tried to escape to mts but was froced to surrender to Grant. The Union general allowed Lee's men to return to their homes with their horses. -
LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION
John Wilkes Booth, an embittered actor and southern sympathizer shot and killed the president while he was attending a perfomance in Fords Theater in Washington. on the same night William Seward was attacked but only wounded. Events aroused fury of norherners. the loss of Lincoln was deeply mourned. loss wsnt truly appreciated until 2 sections of a reunited country had to cope with problems of postwar Reconstrustion. -
SHERMAN'S MARCH
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman lead 100,000 men from Chattanooga, tennesse across georgia and into south carolina. he marched relentlessly destroying everything in his path, burning cotton fields, barns, and houses. he took atlanta in sept. 1864 in time to help lincolns reelection. he marched into savaannah in Dec. and completed his campaign by setting Columbia on fire. he helped to break will of confederacy and destroyed its will to fight on .
