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The chinese start using fermented tea to treat a variety of illnesses as early as 220 BC.
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Around 1840, Schwann concluded that fermantationis the result of living things.
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In 1854, the French chemist Louis Pasteur determined that fermantation is caused by yeast.
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In 1907, a German scientist named Eduard Buchner received the Nobel prize for showing enzymes in yeast cells, not the yeast cells themselves, cause fermantation.
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Arthur Harden and Hans Euler-Celphin determined how enzymes cause fermentation and they won the Nobel prize for their work.
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In 1940 technology was developed to use fermentation to produce antibiotics.
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The use of fermentation to make bread rise and to produce alchoholic beverages is as old as the development of agriculture itself, which most scholors date back to about 8000 BC.