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Life in Plymouth
The people of the Mayflower were Puritans. the had two covenants. the first, between the community and God, and the second was the Social Covenant between the members of the community. After the frist winter at Plymouth only 44 of the 102 people survived. the next year, in 1621, they had the first "Thanksgiving." However, throughout the formation of the colonies Plymouth stayed small and relativly insignificant. -
Mayflower Sails the Ocean
in 1620 a group of 102 people, all seperatists, set sail on the Atlantic. they landed in Plymouth Bay, which was outside of the Virginia Compact, the place where they were originally supposed to land. because of this they were called "squatters," meaning they were settled somewhere they weren't supposed to be. before they landed, they realized they would need a plan of government and a way to run things. This institutionalized town meetings. -
The Massacusetts Bay Colony
In 1629 Non-Seperatists got a royal charter to form a new colony, The next year 1,000 people on 11 well provisioned ships left from England. After that, the English Civil War ended and alot of people began to come over. (around 70,000) This was called the Great Migration of the 1630's. JOHN WINTHROP was an extremely rich man who lead MA, saying he wanted it to be "a city on a hill," for other religions. A place of refuge. He served a very long time as govener because of this. -
Southern Colonies
They had the Plantation System. Most people were farmers, some were rich and owned big plantations in which many people, slaves mostly, worked for them. they also had the headright systme, which meant that for every person you brought over you got 50 acres. the vast majority of the population were poor white farmers. Education was very pratical. You learned to read and add/subtract, and whatever farm work it would take for you to have a successful in life. -
More on the Southern Colonies
The education in the south had very little value placed on it. Education was basically pratical learning, such as how to read and basic mathematics. A big reason for this was because the need for child labor was high. the parents needed their children to help work on the farm, not go to school and learn. If you were rich you usually had a tutor. the main religion in the south was ANGLICAN. this was the church of England at the time. The governement was run by the rich and white. -
New England Colonies
The colonies here had the Township System. this was the way in which the land was divided. in the middle of the town there was the place in which everyone kept their animals. around this there were the homes of the towns people. And on the edges there was a meeting house, foressts, and fields where the farming took place. The effects of this were that people lived really close to each other, and because they were Puritans, this suited them. Puritans do not believe in privacy. -
Middle Colonies
The middle colonies were generally larger when it came to city size, more diverse, and a mix between agriculture and trade, They had a parochial education, which was a church/ religious education. The entire culture, from language, religion, schools, churhces, and so on and so forth were all diverse. Due to this diversity the biggest effect was the seperation of Church and State. -
Puritan Life
The life expectancy of Puritans was 70 years old for a man. the average girl married at the age of 22, and men the age of 27. It was a PATRIARCHAL society, meaning the men ruled all. They ruled the household, church, and government. Women were thought to be just above children. -
Massachusetts School Laws
four every 50 people they had to provide a teacher, and for every 100 they had to provide a public school. Education was greatly emphasized. They had a strict teachings in Mass. and the teachers -
King Philip's War
King Philip, also known as Metacon, decided the Natives should unite a resist the white. They did. The natives attacked the whites, and the whites retaliated. Despite the fact that the Natives were united, the whites won. The whites not only won, but they captured Metacon as well. He was then beheaded, drawn and quartered. His son and wife were then sold into slavery. -
Proclamation Act of 1763
This was one of the first acts Britain passed. This act prohibited settlement wast of the Appalachian Mountains. The purpose was to exert their control over the colonies and end salutary neglect. with the colonists staying in the same place they could goveren and TAX them easier, and also to redirect the population. The colonists did not have a big reaction to this. Mostly because it was easy to flaunt the law, especially this one. They also saw it as temporary, and that soon it would go back. -
The Colonies view in 1763
Due to nearly 200 years of salutary neglect- that is, Britain ignoring them and letting them rule themselves- the colonists now had certain expectations. They now thought that they could govern themselves in almost every area of local government, and in some areas of national government. They thought that Britain would control international trade, but that the british military had no right to be there. They believed, above all else, that they had the rights of Englishmen. -
English view of the Colonists in 1763
They now needed money after the French and Indian War. they thoguht the colonists needed to respect them and get on board with everything they had planned. The English wanted the Colonists to get with it and Mercantilsm. They did not, however, have the structures in place to taxes or tariffs. They were frustrated, and this lead to many of the over taxations. -
Sugar Act of 1764
This was a tax on sugar and molasses. the purpose of this act was to make money for Britain so they could pay off their debts. However, in order to puth thses taxes in place it cost 7,600 pounds a year, and they only made 1,900 pounds a year. They then lost 100 pounds to smuggling. The tax was later removed. The Colonists biggest protest was that Britain did not have the power to tax, only the power to regulate trade. -
The Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was a tax on stamps, documents, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, and anything paper. The purpose was to raise money.This was violated all the time, and colonists were put on trial in courts that were not run by their own colonial peers. This angered most of the colonists. They said the tax was useless and unwanted. This lead to the LOYAL NINE (later the Sons of Liberty) and they were not afriad to be mean and roudy in order to get their point across. -
Tea Act
The purpose of this tax on tea was to give the British East India Trading Company a way to sell the tea and be the only ones who could sell it. Everyone is mad, In Charleston they had to put the tea in warehouses until the colonists had calmed down. In NY the ships had to turn aroind because the NYs were so mad they couldn't make port. Boston was also extremely mad. -
Boston Tea Party
People often said the Bostonians were "better at resolving what they do then doing what they resolve." Because of this, John Adams said he would prove them wrong. The SONS OF LIBERTY met, disquised as Native Americans, and went to the dock where the tea was at. They then dumped 10,000 lbs of tea into the harbor. The British are infuriated, and they then pass the Intolerable acts, so called because the colonists found them intolerable. they were made to punish the colonists for the tea. -
Intolerable Acts
All of these acts were put in place to punish the colonists for the offenses they had done. the Boston Port Act said that no one was allowed to use this port, and British War Ships guarded it to make sure of this. MA government Act said that you hadto be ROYALLY appointed rather then elected by the people. They abolished the committees of correspondance, and put in place the Administration of Justice Act. this said that the justice could send people to England and Novashocia. -
Start of the Revolutionary War
The colonial supporters, or Patriots, were the Sons of Liberty -the intigators and passionate supporters of the war- merchants who were negativly influenced by taxes, laborers, aristocrats, and tradesmen. Despite the fact that the Sons of Liberty were pushing hard, they did not have the majority in supporters. only about 1/3 of the population were Patriots. 1/5 were Loyalists, and the rest did not care. -
Lexington and Concord
This is the first offical day of fighting, also known as Patriots Day. In truth, it was actually just a small skirmish that was not a big deal. But before General Gage could report back to the King, someone else told him that it had been a huge battle in which the British had lost. So Britain passes the Concilliatory Proposition, saying the colonists would be able to tax themselves at the request of parliment. The colonists refuse, and the fighting starts. -
Period: to
REVOLUTIONARY WAR
fight between the Colonists and the British, solidified American Independence. American Colonists were supported by French and lead by General George Wahsington. -
Bunker Hill
the colonists, who are low on ammunition, deicide to go after the British, who have alot of ammunition. The colonists are told not to shoot until "you see the whites of their eyes." Both sides loose ALOT of people, and it is a very bloody and grim battle for both. Despite the fact that nobody won, it was still a moral victory for the colonists because it resulted in a draw, meaning they also did not loose and could hold their own agianst the British. -
Second Continental Congress
They named George Washington the leader of the colonial army. in July they create the Decleration of Causes of Taking up Arms, which told the Knig and parliment why it was they were fighting. Two days later, the made the Olive Branch Petition, asking to be friends. the King would not even look at this one, and he was outraged by the first. In august England declared the colonists to officially be in rebellion. -
Strengths of the Colonists
The Colonial strengths during the war were having the "homefield advantage," they believed in what they were fighting for, they used guerella warfare, they were far away from England, they wern;t fighting to win huge battles but just to get England to leave, and they also did not have a seat of power in which England could take from them to weaken their power. -
Decleration of Independance
written by Thomas Jefferson, this document said that were now a free country now and independant and able to rule ourselves. the Decleration discussed ideas of Natural Law and the Social Contract inspired by John Locke and listed the grievances against King George III. -
End of the War
General Cornwallace, the general of the English army, surrendered at Yorktown. This was the end of the war. With the French and their navy at sea, and the colonial army closing in on land, the General had no choice but to surrender. Although a few more skirmishes took place after this battle, it was clear that the Americans had won. And in 1783, with the Peace Treaty of Paris, we were recognized as an independant country. -
Changes after Rev War
The Economic changes were the debt the inherited from the war. Social changes were that over 80,000 loyalists moved back to England and the rich Americans got their land. The seperation of church and state was put into place. Not everyone had the same religion, so it was necessary as a new country to have this seperation. in 1786 Slavery in the north is abolished. For women things mostly stayed the same. -
Politics After the War (States)
States now had to have WRITTEN state constitutions because they were more permanent and easier to obey. They wanted this because in England the constitution was spoken, and easier to change and be unclear. The states emphasized the Legislative Branch, had something that said they would have frequent elections, and all had a Bill of Rights. this was a key factor in the constitutions. -
Problems after the War
Britain now hates us, and they are still the supre power of the world. They would be a big help. the English troops would not leave America and the Canadian border is still fuzzy so there was alot of fighting over that. France, on the verge of revolution, expected our help in their war. There were also disputes over the border of Florida and the New Orleans port with Spain. -
George Washington
The first president, by unanimous vote, was George Washington. He had a great respect for the three branches of governement and the seperation of powers. he Established the Independant Cabinet, which are the people who help and serve under the President. these are his secretaries. George Washington had three; Secreatary of Treasury, War, and State. he also appointed people who he knew would help him. Set the standards and terms for presidents to come. -
Constitution of the United States
the founding fathers called a constitutional convention in Philledelphia. they were all very similar. it took them along time to aruge out the fine points of the Const. it was very secret, and they wanted to make sure everything was balanced. they had many compromises, such as the Three Fifths Compromise, in order to make everyone happy and except the Constitution. it was finally voted into power three months later. -
Aaron Burr Conspiracy
There was talk among the northern states about seceding from America. They planned on forming a confedercy called the Essex Junto, and aaron Burr is the leader of this. They hatch a plot for Burr to run for Governor of NY, rig the vote, and then when he is governor to secede from the country. However, Alexander Hamilton wins instead of Burr, and their plot if foilled. -
Burr and Hamilton Duel
after the election, Burr is extremly angry. he then challenges Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton, feeling he must attend, plans on not shooting Burr. Hamilton simply fires at the ceiling, missing Burr on purpose. But Burr, the governor of New York, shoots and kills Alexander Hamilton, the Vice President of the US. -
Herman Blennerhasset
Burr later hatched a plan to take over New Orleans, then move onto Mexico and establish himself as the dictator in Mexico, and then head north and take over the LA purchase. this idea, despite how crazy, atracted the attention of Herman Blennerhasset, and Burr went on to make him the coman ding officer of the entire army. -
Burr Goes to Britain
After all his plots are foiled, Burr then goes to Britan. while there he tries to convince the British that he can get the LA Purchase under his control, and then to detach itself from AMerica and become a part of Britain. His conditions for this is that Britain would then pay him 5 million dollars. Britain, in turn, ignored him, thinking him a crazy man. -
James Wilkerson
James Wilkerson, the extremly devious and sinful mayor of New Orleans, was planning on selling out his state to Burr. however, just as Burr was on his way to New Orleans James reported to D.C, telling them of Burr's plan. In this one move James was seen as a hero, despite the fact that he took bribes from Spain, and remained on good terms with the President for as long as he lived. -
Decleration of War
This is the date in which America declares war on Britain. however, not everybody was in favor. the votes were 79-49 in the house of reps, and 19-13 in the senate. this showed that the country was clearly divided, and that going to war was going to be harder then ever. -
Problems With the War
The military asked for 10,000 troops, but they only got 10,00. this, paired with their weak navy, was hardly anything compared to Britain's force. America now had less troops to fight with then they did during the Revolutionary War. they also had no money to fight. the three essential things they needed to fight a war with, they did not have. -
Orders in Council
this is what Parliment passes saying that all trade with anyone in Europe must first go through Brtian. -
War Hakws
these are the young congressmen who want to fight the most. they were most adamant about the war. the West, now more populated and powerful then ever, was also strongly for the war because of the Blockade on the Miss. River, which cut of their main trading route. -
Fort Dearborn Massacre
Many Natives, united and angry, attacked a village at Niagra Falls. they were so vicious that they killed 86 adults and 12 children, outraging the Americans who later anilated and dispersed this Indian rebellion. -
Protective Tariff
Due to the war with England, they had stopped trading with each other. Now that the war was over, England was again trading with America. however, America needed to re-establish its manufactoring and trade. so they put a 20 to 25% increase tax on inmports to make people buy the cheaper American made products. -
2nd US National Bank
This was like mainly in the North, and HATED by the south. Webster very much loved this and the tariffs, and Calhoun was so against it that he and the other southerners called the bank THE MONSTER. the bank was, in their defense, very badly run and corrupt by the rich. -
Adams Onis Treaty/ Florida Purchase Treaty/ Transcontinental Treaty
After the Floridian Natives have been attacking American soil, Spain decides that they will give us Florida through this treaty. the conditions: US gets Florida, US takes 5 mill of Spanish debt, sets boundary between LA purchase and Texas, Spain gives up claim on Oregon, and the 42nd parallel at the end of the Spanish Territory. -
Internal Imporvments
in order to expand the West and make trade easier. the government began to make canals and roads in order to make this easier. they used the money from the US bank and tariffs to make these. The south hated this, but the West liked this.