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Plessy v. Ferguson, was a Supreme Court decision that upheld the law of "separate but equal". It upheld segregation as long as the blacks had equal facilities.
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was formed.
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President Roosevelt banned discrimination in defense industries.
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Congress of Racial Equality was founded. It became one of the leading activist organizations in the early years of the American civil rights movement.
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Publication of "An American Dilemma", the book portrayed the problems of modern democracy in relation to black people.
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Jackie Robinson joined the Dodgers.
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Literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-war era.
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, won multiple key court cases, including Brown v Board.
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From 1950-54 the US aided the French in the Vietnam War. President Harry Truman agrees on a $15 million budget in military to help the French out.
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Brown v. Board of Education was brought from Topeka, KS. It was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court where the court ruled that it is illegal to segregate public schools. It does not matter if the schools are equal in quality, it is still illegal to not let black students into a mainly white school.
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French surrendered at Dien Bien Phu, on May 7, 1954.
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The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization was an international organization and its purpose was not allow communism to spread throughout the area. It was signed in Manila, Philippines. The members were, the United States, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan.
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Rosa Parks starts a trend of bus protests. She refused to give up her seat for a white man, and was arrested for it. The protest took place in Montgomery, Alabama.
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The Southern Manifesto was brought about to reverse the Brown vs. Board decision. It went against racial integration of public places. The Southern Manifesto claimed the the Supreme Court abused its powers when making the final decision.
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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was formed.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1957, a federal voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference was formed. Its first president was Martin Luther King Jr.
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National Liberation Front, or Viet Cong, was a political front in South Vietnam and Cambodia. They had their own army who fought against United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War.
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The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their attendance was to represent the follow through from the Brown vs. Board landmark case. On the first day of school the Governor sent the Arkansas National Guard to block the students from entering the school. In return, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school.
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Batista was overthrown leading to Castro taking over. His military took over and he gained power over a political platform too. Castro became Cuba's Prime Minister. The United States did not like the idea of Castro being in charge. They attempted to assassinate him, which ulltimately failed.
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James Lawson performs an inspiring speech on nonviolence.
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was founded. The committee started with sit-ins, and was organized by Ella Baker at Shaw University.
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By 1960, many race related riots erupted throughout the US. As a result countless injuries and deaths occurred.
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Sit ins commence. The first one took place at Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, where black students refused to leave after being denied service. It was a start of many, an inspiration for all black people.
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The first US troops arrived in Vietnam. Their purpose was to end the spreading of communism.
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The act of being a hippie emerged, it went against the status quo that was set in the United States at that time. Hippies secluded themselves from the middle class and formed their own type of lifestyle. The prototype for hippies was long hair, casual looking clothing and psychedelic colors.
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The freedom rides included 13 people traveling by greyhound testing the desegregation on buses law.
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The first Freedom Ride took place on May 4, 1961. Seven black and six white took a bus down to the deep south. They went to test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia, which enforced segregation on public buses.
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President John F Kennedy signed for the Peace Corps in 1961. The purpose was to send trained men and women abroad to assist the development of other countries.
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The Berlin Wall was a structure that physically divided Berlin. It separated the different ideas shared in the country.
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The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government. The failed invasion helped to strengthen the position of Castro's leadership and also reinforced the relations between Cuba and the Soviet Union. The invasion was a significant failure for Kennedy's US foreign policy. The only people the invasion helped were the very people it was supposed to destroy.
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John F Kennedy became the 35th president of the United States. JFK was a member of the Democratic Party.
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James Meredith attended Ole Miss and was the first African-American student to attend that University. The school had originally rejected his application, which caused legal action to initiate. Segregationists protesting his acceptance to the school led to bloody riots on campus.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis or Missile Scare, was a 13-day standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation has been considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. The Missile Scare had the entire nation in an uproar.
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16th Street Baptist Church bombing resulted in 4 innocent girls dying. White supremacists, and former members of the Klu Klux Klan, were responsible for the tragedy.
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John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22. In Dallas, Texas, while riding in a presidential motorcade Kennedy was shot twice. With his wife Jacqueline in the seat next to him. The gunman was former U.S. Marine Lee Harvey Oswald and he was firing from a nearby building. The motorcade rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital where President Kennedy was pronounced dead about thirty minutes after the shooting.
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The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty or Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was a way to slow down the nuclear war which seemed to be persistent at the time.
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In the letter Martin Luther King Jr. discusses the benefits of using nonviolent actions the pass new laws and help desegregation. He talks about not sitting around and waiting for change but how people need to stand up for what they believe in and what they want to see see change in.
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March on Washington is where the famous "I have a Dream" speech took place. The purpose was to advocate for African Americans rights.
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Freedom Summer, also known as the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign its plan was to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi. Mass amounts of black people would go at the same time to the polls.
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Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was formed. An American political branch of the populist Freedom Democratic organization in the state of Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement.
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Malcom X formed his own organization. The Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) purpose was to fight for the human rights of African Americans. Malcom believed he was "un-brainwashing" black people, because he taught them about black power. And wanted them to hate white people as a whole.
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Beatlemania referred to the extreme fan girling that took place in relation the the popular boys band, the Beatles. The amounts of people that would come to those concerts caused a ripple effect across the country. Everyone knew who they were, and almost everyone was a fan.
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Civil Rights Act became a US law. It is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Malcolm X was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. On February 21, 1965 he was shot and killed.
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Martin Luther King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, after a 5-day, 54-mile march from Selma, Alabama, where local African Americans, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference had been campaigning for voting rights.
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The Voting Rights Act was signed as a law by President Lyndon Johnson. It made discriminatory measures taken to prohibit black people from voting illegal. Including tests being taken just to be allowed to vote.
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Its objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters. It helps fix what countless pollution has caused.
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On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.
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It took place March 7, 1965, on the march to Selma, Montgomery. They were met at the end of the bridge with many state troopers and community members. Everyone was instructed to use whatever they had as weapons the the black people. That day went down in America as "Bloody Sunday".
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Black Panther Party was created for self-defense. Formed originally in Oakland, California, by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The purpose was to protect black community members from acts of police brutality.
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The turning point in the war, a period where violence escalated when the U.S. military had larger troop formations, started bigger battles and killed hundreds of enemies soldiers. The Communists learned from their losses, adjusted their tactics to cope with greater U.S. firepower.
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Congress divided into 2 camps, Hawks and Doves. The ones who wanted war were known as the "Hawks." The ones who were against war were known as the "Doves." The hawks believed that the United States should do whatever is necessary to win the war.
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The Haight- Ashbury District located in San Francisco, California, it is known for being the home of the first hippies. The depression hit Hiaght- Ashbury District very hard, leaving it an isolated and low populated area. The hippies saw that area as an ideal place to reside.
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Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
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The Clean Air Act is a United States federal law in place to control air pollution on a national level. It is one of the United States' first and most influential modern environmental laws. It made a huge difference in the quality of air.
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Drafted the most U.S. soldiers. To many it seemed like a death sentence.
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Martin Luther King Jr., an American clergyman and civil rights leader, was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN. James Earl Ray was named the killer.
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Back in the 60's there was a big ordeal about the fact that 18 year old citizens could go to war, but could not vote. The saying was about how we would let them die for our country but not have a say in our democracy. In 1971, the 26th amendment allowed 18 year old citizens the right to vote.
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Congress expanded coverage to Hispanic voters in the Southwest. Modesto Rodriguez, from Pearsall, Texas, traveled to Washington to present his case to Congress. He saw the works they were doing to improve black peoples right to vote, that he wanted the same for Spanish- speaking citizens.
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By 1980, more than 6,000 black people had been elected for government official positions.
