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Written in 1832 by Maria W. Stewart. -
Written by Frederick Douglass in 1845. -
Harriet Tubman became known as the "Moses of her people" for her role in guiding approximately 70 enslaved individuals to freedom through the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses. -
In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, which declares the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory. -
In 1865, slavery was abolished after the civil war ended. -
Written in 1892 by Ida B. Wells. -
Author Richard Rothstein discusses how federal housing policies implemented in the 1930s onward, such as redlining and the segregation of suburban communities, have had a lasting impact on racial segregation and economic inequality in America. These policies prevented African-Americans from buying homes in suburban areas, leading to disparities in wealth and opportunities that persist to this day. -
The Zoot Suit Riots of 1943 in Los Angeles were a series of violent clashes between American servicemen, mostly white, and Mexican American youths who wore distinctive zoot suits. These riots highlighted racial tensions and cultural divisions exacerbated by the wartime context of World War II. -
The Supreme Court's landmark decision declares racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up a seat on the bus which led to mass bus boycotts. -
Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his famous "I Have a Dream" speech during this peaceful civil rights march. -
The Civil Rights Act is signed into law, prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21, 1965, while giving a speech in New York City. His death marked a significant loss for the civil rights movement, but his legacy continues to influence discussions on racial equality and empowerment. -
The Rainbow Coalition was formed in late 1969 in Chicago, with groups including the Black Panthers, the Young Lords, and the Young Patriots, who collaborated for common goals of anti-capitalism, anti-racism, and anti-classism. However, their efforts were met with resistance from law enforcement and government agencies, leading to the eventual dissolution of the coalition and the targeting of its members. -
The Black Lives Matter protests were a widespread movement in which people across the United States came together to demand an end to racial injustice and police brutality. They used peaceful demonstrations, marches, and other forms of activism to raise awareness and call for change.