-
-
-
Under French rule most minorities were required to carry out unpaid labour and were subject to heavy taxes. As with many minorities, the ethnic groups in Sapa were actively opposed to the colonialists, and immigration into Vietnam, particularly of H'mong, continued between 1864 to 1892 to augment guerilla forces made up of mixed minority groups.
-
Before the French rule (1859-1954) many minorities had developed patterns of social organisation, either living as rural communes or under a feudal system where one minority often dominated another.
-
-
-
The Sa Pa plateau was identified in 1901 during the first topographic plotting of the area.
-
-
im Winter
-
1905 wurden die ersten Informationen über Geographie, Klima, Pflanzen von Sapa ermittelt.
-
In 1906 the first westerner to settle in Cha Pa, named Mr. Miéville, worked with the department of agriculture.
-
In 1909, thanks to Miéville, the « Cha Pa Hotel » was inaugurated to the east of the station on the road to Lao Cai.
-
-
Originally, Cha Pa was created for medical purposes: the bracing climate of Cha Pa was beneficial to westerners exhausted by a long stay in Vietnam, especially «people with chlorosis, post-infectious anaemia, previous history of malaria, and a whole array of neurotics: people with neurasthenia, phobia, overworked people or hypochondriac women». Certain diseases, such as «chronic bronchitis with associated emphysema or asthma and certain skin diseases» could also be cured.
-
In the summer of 1914, the offices of all the local services were moved from Hanoi to Cha Pa.
-
-
The first villas were built by the Hong Hai Coal Board and by the Haïphong cement factory (at the place where the Victoria Hotel now stands).
-
-
In 1922 the building of the most sumptuous hotel in the station, the Résidence du Tonkin started on «governor’s hill».
-
-
80 kilometres of footpaths were created, offering a great variety of hiking trips
-
The growth of Cha Pa was an incentive to modernisation and between 1924 and 1927 the public authorities had it equipped with running water, a sewage system and an electricity network supplied by a power station built on the Cat Cat waterfall, whose renovated buildings are still in operation, as well as a telegraph and telephone network.
-
The « Métropole », a luxury hotel with 50 rooms and ten suites sited at the foot of the Ham Rong on the bank of the lake, was inaugurated.
-
The church was built in 1934, followed by a protestant temple sitting on the hill overlooking the road to Cat Cat.
-
The «Hôtel du Centre», a more modest establishment then the « Métropole », was built in1937.
-
By the end of the 1930s, Cha Pa had reached its peak and over a thousand colonials went there to rest and have fun.
-
A hundred or so other villas were built between 1920 and 1940 on neighbouring land given for free, some specimens of which can still be seen. In the lower area are located the private villas, administrative buildings and hotels. In the higher area, one finds the big military sanatorium and the governor ‘s summer palace.
-
The number of French permanent civilian residents was never very high, only twenty odd people in 1942, plus a small colony of English-speaking protestants of unknown origin.
-
In 1942, untypically for such a small place, a complete town plan of Sa Pa was drawn, which included over 400 plots of building land
-
Until the mid-40s, Cha Pa was to remain the fashionable mountain resort of the Hanoi colonial society.
-
-
Der Tag der vietnamesischen Revolution
-
-
-
In February 1947, the Viet Minh attacked Cha Pa and destroyed the military installations and part of the hotels (among which the Métropole) as well as villas.
-
-
-
In March 1952, the French headquarters ordered the air force to bomb the town. The Governor’s Palace, the sanatorium complex, public buildings and most of the villas were destroyed. The Vietnamese population fled the ruined town and did not return until the early sixties.
-
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist revolutionaries. Battle of Dien Bien Phu
-
Vietnam wurde in 2 Teile geteilt am 17° Beitengrad
-
Shortly after the battle, the war ended with the 1954 Geneva Accords, under which France agreed to withdraw from its former Indochinese colonies.
-
-
-
-
-
Between 1945 and 1975 the government of Vietnam aimed to achieve the co-operation of ethnic groups in the war of reunification. This was attempted by granting them constitutional rights equal to those of the Kinh majority. In the mid 1960s relations between the government and northern minorities improved due to the introduction of an official policy based on the principle of self-government centred on Soviet communist practice for ethnic groups. The government established two Autonomous Regions
-
-
Eintritt in die UNO
-
Tausend hecktar Waldfläche und Häuser wurden zerstört
-
-
The present government approach to the minorities is through a settlement programme aimed at further integration the minorities into national life. Ethnic groups are represented at a country level by the National Assembly. In 1987, 14% of members were minority peoples, in-line with their proportion of the total population. Other political legislative and executive bodies exist for and with the participation of minorities, such as the State Committee for Ethnic Affairs and civil committees at pr
