-
Marx and Engels wrote it. Layed out the Communist leagues purposes and programs. Analyzes class struggle, denounces capitalism. The history of society is the history of class struggles Upper class vs. proletariat
-
advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to end all slavery. Led the unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry in 1859, which attempted to start an armed slave revolt.
-
bloodiest battle in civil war, 24000 dead, allowed union armies to join in Tennessee.
-
Father of the American Cartoon. His drawings helped bring down Boss Tweed. Hated Irish immigrant community, and Catholic Church leaders. Supported American Indians, Chinese, and advocated abolition of slavery.
-
Violent disturbances in NYC against the draft into the civil war. Turned into violent acts against black people.
-
US federal agency, aided refugees of the civil war. Provided education, health care, and employment. Headed by General Oliver O. Howard. Disbanded under Andrew Johnson. First focused on providing food and medical aid, but then focused on setting up work opportunities and supervising labor contracts. Opponents thought it was similar to modern day welfare.
-
South Reintegrated into society, Union troops patrolled south. States would be re-admitted with acceptance of 13th, 14th, and 15th, amendments.
-
Marxist Philosophy, Craftsmen now worked in factories for a boss paid by a wage, no longer self-employed and couldn’t control income. Now paid on quantity instead of quality.
-
hate organization against blacks, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants. Wanted to advance the interests of white Christian Americans.
-
Founded in 1869, led by Uriah Stephens. Against child labor, wanted equal pay for women, progressive tax income, split employer-employee ownership of factories/mines.
-
president of Phili and Reading Railroads in 1870s and 1880s. Infiltrated the Molly Maguires by hiring James McKenna.
-
name because he fucked up buffalo, symbol of frontier manliness. Medal of Honor in 1872.
-
long depressions, lasted until 1879. Chain reaction of bank failures led to temporary closing of NYSE. 14% unemployment by 1876.
-
Devised by Dems to overthrow the Reps by organized violence, suppression of black vote, and disruption of elections. 2 step process: convince white republicans to change parties or leave the south, and then stop blacks from voting. By 1890, all Southern states adopted the plan. Notorious group in Mississippi called “Red Shirts”. Well armed and financed. Pressure convince carpetbaggers to change parties or flee the state.
-
1876, first worlds fair in the US. In Pennsylvania. 20% of US visited the fair!! African Americans couldn’t attend the fair except for on negro day. They were only entertainers.
-
Powered almost all exhibits at Centennial Exposition. 1876, symbol of new, great technology and innovation. Turned on by President Ulysses S Grant.
-
Died fighting Native Americans and Little Bighorn, 1876. Became a symbol of unification of America through racial war
-
agrarian economic movement. Founded in 1876 in Lampasas Texas. Promote higher commodity prices thorugh collective actions. Strong in South. PRECURSOR TO US POPULIST PARTY.Accomplishments: Setting up cooperative stores Established its own mills Allowed poor farmers to bring goods to market at lower cost.
-
state/local laws enacted between 1876 and 1965. Mandated Segregation, “separate but equal”. All things public were segregated. Poll taxes, literacy tests, and comprehension tests established to eliminate black votes.
-
election between Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden. Federal troops gone from south, south got to build infrastructure. Democrats now once again had control of south, ended reconstruction, and MOST IMPORTANTLY allowed for racism, black supression and Jim Crowe laws.
-
Started in WV, 45 days long. Ended after militias put it down. Response to 2nd annual cutting of wages for Baltimore & Ohio railroads. Strike spread to MD, where workers attacked the 5th and 6th regiments of the National guard. Guard fired back, killed 10 wounded 25.
-
Irish, in coalfields of Penn. Many arrested in 1878 on evidence of crimes and kidnapping. Brought down by James McKenna who infiltrated them and then ousted them.
-
longest in the world. Brought together old and new facets of architecture, symbolism of joining the old and new
-
creation of time zones for trains. Time stopped for 18 mins in Chicago.
-
US tobacco and electric power industrialist. 1885, first automated cigarette machine. Supplied 40% of American cigarettes. Created The American Tobacco Company, monopolizing tobacco. In 1906 antitrust efforts split the ATC into 3.
-
inventor of Coca-Cola. Orginally alcoholic beverage mixed with coca(cocaine). When temperance legislation was enacted, Pemberton produced non-alcoholic Coca-Cola.
-
Chicago. Random threw a bomb at police, 8 died, many civilians died too. 8 anarchists tried for murder, one was Parsons, one was August Spies. Shed negative light on wokers unions, 8-hour day not in effect till 1938.
-
Haymarket affair. Married Lucy, claimed to be Mexican/NA but people thought she was black
-
to reduce workday from 12 to 8 hours. Led to Haymarket Square incident in 1886, and the later Pullman strike in 1894.
-
Aquired Coca-Cola, and removed cocaine as an ingredient.
-
helped reintegrate states of former confederacy into the union. Grady wanted a New South in which past was put to rest.IMPORTANT QUOTATION – “There is a South of salvery and secession – that South is dead. There is now a South of union and freedom – the South, thank God, is living, breathing, and growing every hour.”
-
White supremacist, claimed the more money Georgia spent on Negro education, the more Negro crimes there would be. Horribly racist, but fought for women’s suffrage. Served as a senator for Georgia in 1922 for one day.
-
US troops surrounded an encampment of Sioux Indians. Although intended to be peaceful, a deaf Indian wouldn’t give up his rifle and this led to 200 Indian deaths and 25 trooper deaths. MARKED THE END OF INDIAN WARS.
-
Political party in late 19th century, comprised of southern and western farmers. Opposed gold standard. They grew out of agrarian unrest because of falling agricultural prices and monopolistic railroad rates. First party to include women in their affairs. Wanted to create class based political lines instead of race based political lines
-
Steel was doing really well so workers asked for a wage increase Carnegie gave a 22% wage decrease. Culminated in a battle between strikers and security agents on July 6. 9 workers and 3 guards killed at Fort Frick. Between Amalgamated Associantion of Iron and Steel Wokers and the Carnegie Steel Company. Alexander Berkman, an anarchist, shot Henry Frick twice and stabbed him twice. After this, Amalgamted membership dropped from 24,000 to 8,000.
-
shot and stabbed Henry Frick twice after Homestead Strike on July 23, 1892.
-
U.S. Congressman and populist. Wrote the preamble of the Populist Party’s Omaha Platform. Wanted Abandonment of Gold Standard, abolition of national banks, a graduated tax income, and 8 hour day.
-
Strike in Chicago between labor unions and railways. Grover Clevland broke it up with national troops. The leader, Eugene V. Debs, was punished. Because of Clevland's reaction, he lost reelection.
-
campaign manager of McKinley in 1896. Attracted some labor unions to the Republican party and avoided some major strikes.
-
JP Morgan attended. “Create economic stimulus for NYC”. Poor hurting more than ever during this time, much negative publicity. Modern parellel – Steve Schwarzman’s 60th
-
Worlds fair in Buffalo, NY, in 1901. Pres William McKinley assassinated by anarchist. Exposition measured growth and technology, showing of X-ray machine.
-
United Mine Workers of America in eastern Penn. Health and Safety issues. 9-hour day, 10% wage increase. Feds were neutral arbitrator for the first time.
-
In 1906 antitrust efforts split the ATC into 3 parts.