20th Century Presidential Outlines:

20 events

Period: Feb 28, 1890 to Feb 28, 1920

Sherman Antitrust Act

Jul 2, 1890

Prohibits business activities that reduces competition
United States fed. government pursue trusts, companies, and organizations who violates the act
First to limit cartels and monopolies

DIngley Tariff

Mar 22, 1897

Passed in Senate by a vote of 38 to28
Passed in House of Rep by 185-118
Rates are from 49% to 57%

Open Door Policy

Sep 22, 1899

John Hay proposed the policy
Allowed other Imperial powers into China - none of them are in control of the country
All European nations and United States could trade with China
Equal trading rights for all nations in parts of China

National reclamation act

Feb 28, 1902

Irrigation projects in west (20 states)
Texas added in 1906
Money from sales of semi-arid public lands used for irrigation projects
More dams and canals

Chinese exclusion act

Feb 28, 1902

Made permanent in 1902
Suspend Chinese immigration
Chinese who are skilled and unskilled laborers and miners were effected

Mediates coal strike

Feb 28, 1902

Pennsylvania’s united mine workers of America strikes
Want higher wages, shorter workdays, and be recognized
Never recognized
Fuel supplies major cities
Federal government was a neutral arbitrator

Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty

Feb 28, 1903

Panama Canal Zone
Panama Canal construction
Payment from U.S and annual rental payment

Hepburn Act

Feb 28, 1906

Interstate Commerce Commission have power to set maximum railroad rates
NO free passes to loyal shippers
Bookkeeping- financial records

Gentleman’s Agreement

Feb 28, 1907

Japanese were racially segregated in schools
No new Japanese immigration to America
Permit immigration of wives, children and parents

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Feb 28, 1909

Lower certain tariffs on goods entering U.S
Tobacco exports from Philippines to America
1912 presidential elections Roosevelt not with Taft
Progressives only got some tariff cut

Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy

Feb 28, 1909

U.S Forset Service (Gifford Pinchot) vs. U.S Secretary of the Interior( Richard Achilles Ballinger)
Split of republican party before 1912
Define U.S conservation movement
Taft fired Pinchot (who accused Ballinger of business interests at expense of U.S natural resources)

Underwood- Simmons Tariff

Feb 28, 1913

Reduction in tariffs
consumers with competitive pricing
Graduated income tax

16th Amendment Progressive Income Tax

Feb 28, 1913

Congress can Levy income tax
No apportionment from several states
Without regards to census
Tax rich

Military Intervention in Vera Cruz

Feb 28, 1914

After Tampico Affair
Germans delivered weapons in Veracruz
U.S military takes control of the city

Clayton Antitrust Act

Feb 28, 1914

Clarify/ support Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890 (Exempted unions from Sherman Anti-Trust act)
Prohibits exclusive sale contracts, local price cutting, rebates
Legalized peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts

Federal Trade Commission

Feb 28, 1914

Prevent unlawful suppression of competition
Act against trust... (monopolies.)
Regulate all mergers
Crop violations

Birth of a Nation

Feb 28, 1915

Called the Clansman
Director: D.W Griffith
Relationship of Civil War and Reconstruction
Potrays KKK as the hero
1st full length silent movie

Influenza Epidemic

Feb 28, 1918

"Spanish Flu"
50-100 million died
600,000 U.S died within 10 months (1 in 200)
Troops in WW1 hastened pandemic/ increase transmission

Steel Strike

Feb 28, 1919

Union leader- Gompers violent strike
20 death
National Guards were sent to stop the strike
Communist led the strike = Red Scare

Treaty of Versailles

Feb 28, 1919

Woodrow Wilson is for it
Congress against it
Wilson suffered stroke and unable to support it
U.S did not sign, dont want involvement in European affiars