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Dwight D. Eisenhower Inaugurated
Won election with 442 electoral votes. Richard Nixon was his Vice Presiden -
Operation Wetback
Massive roundup of illegal immigrants. Some 1 million Mexicans were apphended and returned to Mexico -
Period: to
1954-1975
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Brown Vs. Board od Education of Topeka, Kansas
This case ruled that segregated public schools were "inherently unequal" and unconstitutional. This reversed the Plessy vs Ferguson case that public faciltiies were to "separate but equal.". In Arkansas, Orval Faubus mobilized the National Guard to prevent nine black students from entering into Little Rock's Central High School. But Eisenhower sent troops to escort the teenagers to their classes -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her a seat when asked to do so by a white man. This sparked a year long bus boycott of city buses and a notice went throughout the South to do the same. This event led to Martin Luther King, Jr. role as a leader for the Civil Rights movement -
SCLC
Martin Luther King, Jr. formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, ehich aimed to mobilize the black churches on behalf of black rights. The churches were the largest and best-organized black institutions that had the opportunity to flourish in a segregated society. -
NASA
Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administaration and directed billions of dollars to missile deveopment after the Russians successfully launched Sputnik I and Sputnik II -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC)
After the "sit in" movement started from only four college students, there developed SNCC, which was made to put more focus and force on the efforts -
John F. Kennedy Inaugurated
John F. Kennedy was inagurated on January 20, 1961, beating Richard Nixon by 303 electoral votes to 219. -
Bay of Pigs
The CIA created a scheme to invade Cuba to take down Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro. About 1,200 Cuban exiles landed at Cuba's Bay of Pigs. Kennedy was hands of the plan, but when it failed he took full responsibility -
Cuban Missile Crisis
U.S. spy planes discovered that the Soviet Union put offensive missiles in Cuba. Kennedy announced he was setting up a naval blockade until weapons were removed. After a few days, Krushchev decided to take out the missiles. -
Birmingham Riots
Martin Luther King, Jr. launched a camoaighn against racial discrimination in Birmingham Alabama. Police officers used extreme force against the civilians, such as using attack dogs, electric cattle prods, and worst of all, high pressure water hoses. Kennedy saw what was happening and called for a new civil rights legislation to protect black citizens -
March on Washington
Martin Luther King, Jr. led 200,000 black and whites in the March of Washington in support of the civil rights bill. This is where King had his impassioned "I Have a Dream' speech. -
Lyndon Johnson Becomes President
Kennedy was assissanited on this day, then the torch was passed to Lyndon Johnson. -
Operation Rolling Thunder
After a Vietcong attack on the US base at Pleiku, Johnson issued a prolonged air attack with B-52 bombers against targets in North Vietnam -
Civil Rights Act
Made segregation illegal in all public facilities and set up the Equal Employment Opportunity Commision -
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
Johnson used the naval battle in the Gulf of Tonkin to secure congressional authorization for the US forces to go into combat -
Voting Rights Act
This act ended literacy tests and provided federal registrars in areas in which blacks were kept from voting -
March to Montgomery
Voting rights march was met with police beatings. Johnson sent in troops to pretoct King and other demonstrators -
Medicare and Medicaid
Part of Johnson's Great Society, he created "entitlements" to health care to the elderly and the poor. Tjis way there did not have to be repeated congressional approval -
Immigration and Nationality Act
Abolished the "national-origins" quota system and doubled the number of immigrants allowed to enter annually -
Black Panthers
Bobby Seale, Huey Newton, and other militiants organized a revolutionry socialist movement advocating self-rulefor American blacks -
Richard Nixon Inauguration
He had won by 301 electoral votes to Humphreys 191 electoral votes -
Tet Offensive
On the Lunar New Year, the Vietcong launched an all-out, surprise attack on almost every American base in South Vietnam. The US counterattacked and gained back the lost territory -
Piece Negotations
Johnson went on television announced he would limit the bombing on North Vietnam and negotiate piece -
Peace Talks
Peace talks with South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and United States were held in Paris, but were quickly deadlocked by minor issues -
Vietnamization
Nixon wanted to withdraw 540,000 US troops in South Vietnam over an extended period -
Cambodianizing
Without consulting Congress, Nixon ordered US forces to join with South Vietnamese in cleaning out the enemy sanctuaries in neutral Cambodia -
Gerald Ford Becomes President
The first man to be made president by votes in Congress. Besmiched to presidency in August 1974 -
Defeat
No more weapons were sent to troops in Vietnam. They began evacuating Americans by helicopter and rescued thousands of South Veitnamese -
Legitimizing
Ford joined leaders from 34 other nations in Finland to sign several sets of historic accords. One set of agreements official ended World War II by legitimizing the Soviet-dictated boundraries of Poland and other Easter European countries
