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First he replaced the concave eyepiece lens with a convex lens. This change let the telescope see a much larger area. Eventually, people stopped using the design made popular by Galileo and adopted Kepler’s two-convex lens design.
Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/eras/early-refractors/index.php -
Galileo’s refracting telescope was made by him after hearing about newly invented spyglass used my the military. Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/eras/galileo/index.php
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Newton made this telescope to study optics, not to observe the sky. Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/newton/index.php
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In the early 1600s, Galileo had built telescopes that were no more than 4 feet long. By 1647, Johannes Hevelius, a Polish brewer and councilor, had built a 12-foot-long telescope in an attempt to improve his view of the sky. That was just the beginning. Information and picture from: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/hevelius/index.php
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Using his telescopes, Huygens discovered that Saturn's "bulges" were rings that were not attached to the planet at all. Information and Picture from: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/huygens/index.php
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Experimenting with lenses, realized he could use this effect to solve the problem of chromatic aberration. Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/eras/great-refractors/index.php
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Discovered the planet Uranus. Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/herschel/index.php
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First telescope to view the spiral structure of the object the Whirlpool Galaxy. Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/rosse/index.php
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Discovered that most stars at the same temperature have the same brightness and, surprisingly, contain the same amount of matter. Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/ritchey/index.php
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Galaxies outside our own Milky Way and that they are moving away from us. Link: http://amazingspace.org/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/mt_wilson/index.php
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