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This era, when the use of power-driven machinery was developed.
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The first commercially duccessful steam engine was built in England in 1712, but it was very slow. Then an inventor named James Watt came up with crucial innovations. His engine was faster and more efficient at driving machinery.
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Napoleon's conquest of spain was the spark for independence in the colony of New Spain, as Mexico was known at the time. Mexico was a Spanish colony with a mixture of creoles, peninsulares, Indians, and people of mixed race.
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In 1831, however, English chemist Michael Faraday discovered the connection between magnetism and electricity. His discovery ;ed to the dynamo, a machine that generated electricity by moving a ,agnet through a coil of copper wire. Faraday used the electricity to power an electric motor, and his discoveries led to the develo[[ment of electrical generators.
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The failure of the quing dynasty to resist the Western powers led some chinese to believe that the dynasty had lost the mandate of Heaven. That belief led to a series of rebellions starting in1850
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In 1857 these strained relations ecploded into a rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny. Sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought in the british army.
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A more radical view f socialism was put forth by two germans, Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. They declared that as capitalism grew, more and more workers would sink into poverty. In time they would rebel, seize control of the "Means of production" Such as factories and farms and govern themselves. Capitalism would collapse.
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Throughout the Tokaugwa period, the emperor had been little more then a symbolic figure. The shogun, or supreme military ruler, was the real power in Tokugawa Japan. But many Japanese people, resenting the way that the shogun had givin in to western demands, forced the shogun to step down.
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States supported Prussia and the north German states in a war against France. In 1871 with the southern German states' help, Bismarck secured a Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War. Prussia won the war, and the peace treaty declared the unification of Germany.
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In Febuarary 1898 the U.S battleship maine mysteriously exploded in Havana's harbor, and many Americans immediately assumed that spain was responsible.
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The boxer rebellion began in 1899 when the boxers started attacking missionaries and Chinese converts to Chritinity. In june 1900 the boxers laid siege to the foreign compounds in beijing and held the foreigners hostage for 55 days.
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As a result, in 1904 Japanese forces attacked and ecentually defeated Russia in the Russo=Japanese War. The defeat shocked many Russians and added to growing unrest ad calls for change.
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In the midist of the tensions and resentment the serbs felt toward Austria- Hungary, the archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand.
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The repeated attacks on shipping moved the United States closer to declaring war aginst Germany. Ub Febuary of 1917, the discoveery of the so-called Zimmerman Note provided the final push. The Zimmermann Note was a secret message from German diplomat Arthur Zimmermann to officals in Mexico in with Germany proposed the Mexico attack the United States.
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Mussolini, who became known as the leader, wanted to build a great and glorious Italian empire. In 1919 he founded the National Fascist Party. The party took its name from the latin word fasces, which referred to an ancient Roman symbol for the unity and strength of the state.
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After difficult negotiations , the Allies finally compromised on the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty was named after the French palace of Versailles, where the treaty singing took place.
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By 1922 the Russian economy was beginning to improve. The same year, Russia reunited with several neighboring lands thst had been part of the Russian Empire before 1917. The new country was called the Union of Soviet Union.
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Soviet leader Vladimis Lenin had died in 1924, shortly after the communist soviet Union was formed. After a struggle for power, Joseph Stalin became the Soviet leader.
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The worst day was october 29, known as Black tuesday. on that single day, investors sold off 16 million shares. With few people wanting to buy the stocks that flodded the market, stock prices collapsed completely.
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Once in power, Hitler began to crush his opposition. Mant of his opponents were arrested; others were intimidated by Nazi thugs. By these means, Hitler bullied the German legislature into giving him dictatorial powers.
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Just days after reaching his greement with the Soviets, Hitler was ready for all-out war. on September1, 1939, Germany launched an attack on Poland. This assault marked the start of World War II
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A small group known as the Bolsheviks sought to change life in russia through revolution. Led by Vladimir Lennin, the Bolsheviks wanted to overthrow the czar so that the proletrait the industrial workers could gain the power to rule russia as a socialist country.
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