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election to the presidency
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United States had purchased the Louisiana Territory from the French at a fire-sale price.
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Elected the most outrage from his federalists critics
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retired from the presidency
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the slave trade
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before the rapid explosion of American infrastructure, Margaret Dwight left New Haven, Connecticut, in a wagon headed for Ohio Territory. Her trip was less than five hundred miles but took six weeks to complete.
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The War of 1812 stemmed from American entanglement in two distinct sets of international issues. War of 1812 contained two key players—the United States and Great Britain—it also drew in other groups, such as Tecumseh and the Indian Confederacy.
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Republicans held 75 percent of the seats in the House and 82 percent of the Senate, giving them a free hand to set national policy.
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After much negotiation in Congress over the details of the bill, Madison signed a declaration of war on June 18, 1812
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The U.S. Navy won their most significant victories in the Atlantic Ocean
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In retaliation, Captain Philip Broke of the HMS Shannon attacked the USS Chesapeake, captained by James Lawrence, on June 1, 1813.
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Americans gained naval victories on Lake Champlain near Plattsburgh, preventing a British land invasion of the United States and on the Chesapeake Bay at Fort McHenry in Baltimore.
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New England Federalists met in Hartford, Connecticut, to try to end the war and curb the power of the Republican Party.
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American victory actually came after the United States and the United Kingdom signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814, but the Battle of New Orleans proved to be a psychological victory that boosted American morale and affected how the war has been remembered.
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South Carolina congressman John C. Calhoun called for building projects to “bind the republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals.”
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The next New England politician to assume the presidency, John Quincy Adams, would, in 1824, emerge not from within the Federalist fold but having served as secretary of state under President James Monroe, the leader of the Virginia Republicans.
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New York State completed the Erie Canal
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1840 Ohio created two navigable, all-water links from Lake Erie to the Ohio River.
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one British traveler declared that “the prosperity of America, her railroads, canals, steam navigation, and banks, are the fruit of English capital.”
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