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The British Parliament passed a series of Acts against the Colonists, such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, which taxed Colonists to pay for British expenses.
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The Colonists held the Boston Tea Party, in which they rebelled against the British tax on tea by boarding ships carrying the taxed tea and dumping cases of tea overboard into Boston Harbor in Massachusetts.
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In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts to punish Massachusetts, and Boston Harbor was closed to commerce. The First Continental Congress met at Carpenters' Hall in September 1774 to draw up a Declaration of Rights and Grievances and an appeal to King George III.
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The Revolutionary War began with the Battle of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts in April. In May, the Second Continental Congress began meeting in Philadelphia and later appointed George Washington as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. The Second Continental Congress continued to meet until 1781 and during its tenure, the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and adopted the Articles of Confederation, the first governing document
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In January, Thomas Paine published Common Sense in Philadelphia. This pamphlet fostered support against the British. In June, Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence at the Jacob Graff House (also known today as the Declaration House) in Philadelphia. The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, America's birthday.
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The British soldiers occupied Philadelphia from September 1777 to June of 1778. During their occupation, the British pillaged the City, and many American prisoners of war died and were buried in Washington Square, one block from Independence Hall. After almost a year of debate, the Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation, establishing the first form of American government.
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Benjamin Franklin formed an alliance between the United States and France, against Great Britain; France and Great Britain would then go to war against one another.
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In March, the Articles of Confederation went into effect after ratification by the states.
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The United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Paris to officially end the American Revolutionary War. Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and withdrew its troops.
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Shay's Rebellion occurred in Massachusetts. Due to the lack of a Federal response to this armed uprising, there were newly energized calls to reevaluate the Articles of Confederation. Further, this rebellion gave strong impetus to the Constitutional Convention, which began in May 1787.