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Balkans Crisis
The Balkans Crisis started when Austria-Hungary annexed from Bosnia. They did this because they wanted to expand their empire into the Balkans. Because of this, Serbia got mad at Austria-Hungary and demanded that they join to create a 'Greater Serbia' with the help of Russia. Due to Russia joining, Germany then joined to go against the Serbians and Russians. Knowing that the German Army was far more superior, they stepped down and allowed Austria-Hungary to split from Serbia. -
G.I Bill
The G.I Bill was created right after the second world war for soldiers who are coming back to America for an education. The G.I Bill refers to any Department of Veterans Affairs education benefit earned by being a member of the Active Duty, Selected Reserve and National Guard Armed Forces and their families. It was designed to help those who were serving in the war to get back on their feet and go to school with the assistance of the government to pay for tuition. -
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The Cold War
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Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain was a political, military, and ideological barrier created by the Soviet Union after the second world war. It was created to seal itself and its dependent Eastern and central European allies from open contact with the West and other non communist areas. Throughout the year, it has been used as a metaphor during the speech of Winston Churchill when he said "From Stettin n the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent." -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy which was made with the sole purpose to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. Being signed by Harry S. Truman, it was made to make sure that the spread of communism doesn't go into Greece and Turkey. If so then Americans will supply them with military forces to make sure that communism does not get a chance to take over these countries. It was to show that America will support anyone who is being threatened by communism. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was also known for being called the European Recovery Program. After the second world war, Europe was destroyed and was in need of a lot of help with money so the United States channeled over 13 billion dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe between 1948 and 1951. Just as the US thought, it worked and helped the European countries get back on track and was also able to restore the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries. -
Berlin Airlift
At the end of the second world war, the allies as well as the soviets divided up Germany. Although Berlin was inside the territory of the soviets, pieces of it was still owned by The United States, United Kingdom, and France. As time goes on, the Soviets didn't want these countries to occupy Berlin anymore so they cut off all ways to supply the soldiers. But to their surprise, the US send in planes to drop supplies for the soldiers living in Berlin. -
Fair Deal
The Fair Deal was put on the table by President Harry S. Truman to congress in January of 1949. He implemented the Fair Deal with hopes to continue the New Deal liberalism, but with the Conservative Coalition controlling congress, only a few of its major initiatives became law and then only if they had considerable GOP support. Most of this would be done to help education, health insurance, the Fair Employment Practices Commission, and repeal the Taft-Harley Act. -
Rock and Roll
During the 1950s, the music genre of Rock and Roll was one of the most popular types of music ever. It was mainly seen and evolved during this time from African American musical style to a more white people style. In its earliest form, instruments like the piano or saxophone was the lead instrument but they were soon replaced by the guitar. The beat of rock and roll would also be essential to the dance rhythm. -
Beat Generation
The Beat Generation or also called the Beatnik was a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American Culture and politics in the post-world war ii era. Most of the Beat Generation would reject standard narrative values, spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration. -
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The 1950's
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Bill Haley and the Comets
Bill Haley and the Comets were an American Rock and Roll band during the 1950s. Founded in 1952 by Bill Haley until his death, he would start off with another band being the bandleader of a country music band. After country, he would join the rock and roll phase and become famous with his spit curls and the band's matching plaid dinner jackets and energetic stage behavior, many fans would consider them to be as revolutionary in their time as the Beatles -
Brown V. Board of Education
Before Brown V. Board, in 1896, the Supreme Court allowed Plessy V. Ferguson to happen. Which was the segregate public places as long as these facilities were as equal to the white's. But as time progressed, there were 5 cases that related to school segregation where schooling for black children were not as equal as white children. Through Brown V. Board of Education, schools were desegregated but then there were still things that had to be equaled out like the buses. -
Television
The invention of the first electronic television was in 1927 but the more use of it would be seen in 1953. Through the use of the television, people at home were able to finally see what it was like in the South for African Americans. Through this, they were able to help them and also they were able to get news faster than before. Instead of having to wait for the newspaper daily, families were able to see news on tv as it was going on. -
Earl Warren Supreme Court
Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891 and was an American jurist and politician who served as the 30th Governor of California and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States. He is best known for the liberal decision of the Warren Court, which outlawed segregation in public schools and transformed many ares of American law. He would also be known for being part of cases such as Brown V. Board of Education, Gideon V. Wainwright, and Reynolds V. Sims. -
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Civil Rights
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Emmett Till Tragedy
On August 28, 1955, Emmitt Till would go to Mississippi where blacks were not treated like how he was treated in his side of Chicago and be murdered. 4 days before this, he would be accused by a white woman of whistling at her so her husband and his cousin, found Till and killed him. People would soon find Till and bring him to his mother where she had an open casket funeral for everyone to see the horrors of the south and that there must be change. -
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The divisive war, increasingly unpopular at home, ended with the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973 and the unification of Vietnam under Communist control two years later. More than 3 million people, including 58,000 Americans, were killed in the conflict. -
Elvis
Elvis Presley was born on January 8, 1935 and is best known for being an American singer and actor. In his time, he would be one of the most significant cultural icons being known as the "King of Rock and Roll". Throughout his younger age, he would record his music at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips but his fame wouldn't be popped up until he was shown on TV where people considered him being too sexually provocative. -
Space Race
After the second world war, the United States and the Soviets would be in another war better known as the Cold War. These two superpower countries would compete with each other to see which country had the best technology for space exploration. After the launch of Sputnik, Americans believed that they had lost until they sent the first man to the moon which was a victory for the US which will push them forward in the race for space. -
Polio Vaccine
On March 26, 1953, American Medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk would announce that he had the cure for polio. Before this cure, Polio would be one of the biggest disease in the United States, but with this discovery, he was able to help eradicate the disease in America. With the help of Dr. Albert Sabin, he was also able to develop an oral form of the vaccine for those who were afraid of needles. This would help eradicate polio worldwide. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
On March 26, 1953, American Medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk would announce that he had the cure for polio. Before this cure, Polio would be one of the biggest disease in the United States, but with this discovery, he was able to help eradicate the disease in America. With the help of Dr. Albert Sabin, he was also able to develop an oral form of the vaccine for those who were afraid of needles. This would help eradicate polio worldwide. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
On September 9th, 1957, President Eisenhower sent Congress a proposal for civil rights legislation. This would result in the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which was the the first civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The act was also established as a federal Civil Rights Commission with authority to investigate discriminatory conditions and recommend corrective measures. The final act was weakened by Congress due to lack of support by the Democrats. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine were a group of black students who were the first blacks to go to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. These students would start going to the school after the passing of Brown V. Board of Education which was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. On the first day of school, the kids would be verbally abused until the intervention of the President where he put the Army to help them out. -
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration which is also known as NASA was created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to go against the soviets in the race for space. NASA would be created as an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government and was also responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. -
The New Frontier
The term New Frontier was used by John F. Kennedy during his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States Presidential Election to the Democrat National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire Americans to support him. The Slogan, New Frontier would be used to show that their is a frontier of unknown opportunities and perils, beyond that frontier are uncharted areas of science and space. -
LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD was a hallucinogenic drug that was first created by a Swiss Scientist in the 1930s. During the Cold War, the CIA would conduct experiments with LSD for mind control. Overtime, it would be used during the 1960s for the Counterculture to use at raving parties. With the drug, people could hallucinate which is when they can see things that aren't actually there which could also cause brain damage. -
Black Power Movement
The Black Power Movement was done throughout the 1960s. It was a political and social movement that advocated the belief of racial pride, self-sufficiency, and equality for all people of Black or African descent. The term was first credited as "Black Power" in 1966. It would also start with the college students in the program Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. But later in time, new organizations like the Black Panther Party would form. -
Ike Turner
Ike Turner was born on November 5, 1931, in Clarksdale, Mississippi. Throughout his teen years, he would play the blues and in 1956, he married Anna Mae Bullock who was also a singer. The two would become one of the greatest R&B singers during their time with hits that included "I Idolize You", "It's Going to Work Out Fine" and "Poor Fool." Later in life, Turner would die because of a cocaine overdose on December 12, 2007. -
A.I.D.S. Crisis
The A.I.D.S Crisis before the 1980's was generalized in Kinshasa which was a Democratic Republic of Congo around the 1920s when HIV crossed species from chimpanzees to humans. This Crisis would last up to the 1980s because HIV was unknown and transmission was not accompanied by noticeable signs or symptoms. Not until the 1980s is when rare cases like lung infections and etc came in where scientists started to understand more about AIDS. -
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The 1960's
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OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Countries or OPEC is a permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10-14 1960. it was created to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among the Member Countries. This is to ensure order to secure fair and stable prices for for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. -
Peace Corp
The Peace Corp was a volunteering program which was ran by the United States Government. The mission of the Peace Corp is to provide technical assistance, helping people outside the United States to understand American culture, and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other countries. They would also go to other countries to help with problems that include social and economic developments in the country. -
Freedom Rides
The Freedom Rides and Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode on buses to southern states like Mississippi to challenge their segregation through non-violence. On one particular ride to Mississippi, the riders were attacked by KKK members and citizens who didn't want blacks being in their state in the first place, the attack would result in the burning of the bus and violent beatings on all of the freedom riders. -
Birmingham March
The Birmingham March, which was also called the Birmingham Campaign was a movement led during April of 1963. Students from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference took it upon themselves to bring national attention of the efforts of local black leaders to desegregate public places in Birmingham, Alabama. The campaign was led by Martin Luther Kind Jr. but it ended up with many blacks being beat, showered with hoses, and attacked by dogs. -
"I have a Dream" Speech
The "I have a Dream" Speech was delivered in Washington D.C on August 29th, 1963. It was delivered by civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr. in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights between blacks and whites. It was delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supports from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The speech would also be a defining moment of the civil rights movement. -
Birmingham Bombing
The bombing of the Birmingham Church bombing occurred on September 15th, 1963. In the morning of this day, it started out as four girls were getting ready for Sunday morning services when out of no where, a bomb blew up in the church killing all four of the girls. Outrage over the incident and the violent clash between protesters and police that followed helped draw national attention to the hard-fought, often-dangerous struggle for civil rights for African Americans. -
Assassination of JFK
On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy would ride in a motorcade down the streets of Dallas. While on the route, he would be assassinated with two shots. The killer, Lee Harvey Oswald would be perched in a library where he had a almost direct view of the President sniped the president from a long distance and started running away. After caught, he would be killed by another man. -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was born on October 18, 1939, in New Orleans, Louisiana, Lee Harvey Oswald eventually joined the U.S. Marines and later defected to the Soviet Union for a period of time. He returned to America with a family, and eventually acquired firearms. Oswald allegedly assassinated President John. F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. While being taken to county jail, on November 24, 1963, Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby. -
Warren Commission
The Warren Commission would be created after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy would be created and established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through Executive Order 11130 to investigate the assassination of the late president and to collect evidence to catch the killer. After catching Lee Harvey Oswald, he was soon killed while walking out to jail. -
Great Society
The Great Society was an ambitious series of policy created by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The main goal of the policy was to end poverty, reduce crime, abolish inequality and improve the environment. In May 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson laid out his agenda for a “Great Society” during a speech at the University of Michigan. With his eye on re-election that year, Johnson set in motion his Great Society, the largest social reform plan in modern history. -
Daisy Girl Ad
The Daisy Girl As, or sometimes known as the Daisy As was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign. Though only aired once , it is considered to be an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater and an important turning point in political and advertising history. -
Anti-War Movement
The Anti-War Movement started when the United States started to get involved in the Vietnam War. It would begin as a small-among peace activist and leftist intellectuals on college campuses-but gained national prominence in 1965 when the United States started bombing North Vietnam in earnest. There would be marches and other protests which would attract a widening base of support over the next three years. -
Ho Chi Minh Trail
The Ho Chi Minh Trail was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) through the kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia. It was created to help support the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam and the People's Army of Vietnam fight against the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War. Although they ended losing, the trail would be known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It was signed with the main goal being to end all legal barriers at the state and local level which prevented African American from their right to vote under the 15th Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Voting Rights Act would also be considered as one of the most far-fetching piece of civil rights legislation in U.S History. -
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a series of attacks done by the North Vietnamese Army on more than 100 cities and outposts in Southern Vietnam. The North Vietnamese soldiers attacked them with the hopes of causing rebellion by the South Vietnamese population and decreasing the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War. Though U.S. and South Vietnamese forces managed to hold off the attacks, news coverage of the massive offensive shocked the American public and eroded support for the war effort. -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
In 1969, President Richard Nixon named Warren Burger chief justice of the Supreme Court. He didn't fulfill Nixon's desire to reverse Warren Court decisions (1953-1969). Burger's court upheld the 1966 Miranda decision, and Burger voted with the majority in the court's landmark 1973 decision, Roe v. Wade, establishing women's constitutional right to have abortions. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988. -
Apollo 11
The Apollo 11 was the first ever American aircraft which sent Astronauts into space which would end up on the moon. The crew which consisted of Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, launched into space on July 16th, 1969 to be the first ever human beings to step foot on the moon. It was at this place where Neil Armstrong said his quote, "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" -
The New Right
The New Right, which was also the grassroots coalition of American conservatives that collectively led what scholars often refer to as the “conservative ascendancy” or “Republican ascendancy” of the late 20th century. The New Right consisted of conservative activists who voiced opposition on a variety of issues, including abortion, homosexuality, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), the Panama Canal Treaty, affirmative action, and most forms of taxation. -
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The 1970's
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The EPA was established in response to widespread public environmental concerns that gained momentum in the 1950s and 1960s. The EPA seeks to protect and conserve the natural environment and improve the health of humans by researching the effects of and mandating limits on the use of pollutants. The EPA regulates the manufacturing, processing, distribution and use of chemicals and other pollutants. -
Home video game systems
Throughout the 20th century, new inventions would come in and create a new atmosphere in the homes of families. The creation of the Home Video Game System allowed families to play games on their Television which would later on be created into many more games. The original game which was the Atari and the ping pong game were the first games and it was through this that allowed for the future of game design and and gaming to evolve. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex. It seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters. The amendment was introduced in Congress for the first time in October 1921 and has prompted conversations about the meaning of legal equality for women and men ever since. -
Roe v. Wade
On January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision in the case of Roe v. Wade, which recognized that the constitutional right to privacy extends to a woman’s right to make her own personal medical decisions.This Included the decision to have an abortion without interference from politicians. Over 40 years later, Americans are still standing by this decision: 7 in 10 Americans believe Roe v. Wade should remain the law of the land. -
Endangered Species Act
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found. The lead federal agencies for implementing ESA are the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Service. The FWS maintains a worldwide list of endangered species. Species include birds, insects, fish, reptiles, mammals, crustaceans, flowers, grasses, and trees. -
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
The Federal Election Commission (FEC) was created as an independent regulatory agency with the purpose of it being to enforce campaign finance law in the United States federal elections. It was created in April of 1975 through the amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act which describes the duties to "disclose campaign finance information, to enforce the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contributions, and to oversee the public funding of Presidential elections" -
Video Head System (VHS)
The Video Head System or better known as the VHS was a standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes. It was created by Victor Company of Japan in the early 1970s, but it wasn't used in America until early 1977s. With the VHS, people were able to film and watch videos which could be distributed easier than how it was in the past. In the future though, the CD would come in to where distribution of films are easier. -
Camp David Accords
Camp David Accords, was an agreement between Israel and Egypt signed on September 17, 1978. It led in the following year to a peace treaty between those two countries, the first such treaty between Israel and any of its Arab neighbours. Brokered by U.S. Pres. Jimmy Carter between Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian Pres. The agreements became known as the Camp David Accords because the negotiations took place at the U.S. presidential retreat at Camp David, Maryland. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 American hostages. This was caused due President Jimmy Carter allowing Iran's deposed Shah to come to America due to health issues. After four hundred forty-four days of the hostages being kept in Iran, they were finally released but due to Carter's bad decision making throughout the crisis, he lost the election and Reagan became the president. -
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The 1980's
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Black Entertainment Television (BET)
The Entertainment Television or BET was like the title said, a show for black entertainment. It was first aired on January 25, 1980 by Robert L. Johnson. The channel would run for two hours everyday in selected east coast cities. But by the end of the year, it became so popular that it expanded all over the United States and even to other countries like the Caribbeans. Then instead of two hours only, it became a whole twenty four hour showing. -
Election of 1980
The United States presidential election of 1980 consisted between Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. Reagan, aided by the Iran hostage crisis and a worsening economy at home, won the election in a landslide. Carter, after defeating Ted Kennedy for the Democratic nomination, attacked Reagan as a dangerous right-wing radical. For his part, Reagan, the former Governor of California, repeatedly ridiculed Carter, and won a decisive victory. -
Reagonomics
During the campaign of 1980, Ronald Reagan announced a recipe to fix the nation's economic mess. He claimed an undue tax burden, excessive government regulation, and massive social spending programs hampered growth. Reagan proposed a phased 30% tax cut for the first three years of his Presidency. The bulk of the cut would be concentrated at the upper income levels. The economic theory behind the wisdom of such a plan was called supply side or trickle down economics. -
Sandra Day O’Connor
Sandra Day O’Connor was born on March 26th, 1920 in El Paso, Texas. Sandra would be better known in her later age as being the first ever woman to be a Supreme Court Judge. She was known for being a majority builder whenever possible, but also for being a swing vote in the divisive cases. In cases lacking a consensus, she wrote as narrow a decision as possible. She retired from the bench in 2006 to care for her husband, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. -
Music Television (MTV)
MTV was first aired on August 1st, 1981. Music Television would go on the air for the first time ever, with the words (spoken by one of MTV’s creators, John Lack): “Ladies and gentlemen, rock and roll.” The Buggles’ “Video Killed the Radio Star” was the first music video to air on the new cable television channel, which initially was available only to households in parts of New Jersey. After this, it would be one of the most popular television shows in the world. -
Iran Contra Affair
The Iran-Contra Affair was a secret U.S. government arms deal that freed some American hostages held in Lebanon but also funded armed conflict in Central America. To free them, American sent military aid into a number of governments in Central America that were beset by civil war and guerrilla fighting. The controversy would cause scandals to form and even threatened to bring down the presidency of Ronald Reagan. -
Reagan Doctrine
The Reagan Doctrine was signed on February 6th, 1985. It was created to protect countries who were on the democratic side. Reagan said “Freedom is not the sole prerogative of a chosen few; it is the universal right of all God’s children.” America’s “mission” was to “nourish and defend freedom and democracy.” as a way to show that no matter how much trouble they have to go through, that the US will always protect their democratic allies. -
Challenger Explosion
The NASA space shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, just 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft’s 10th mission. The disaster caused the death of 7 of its astronauts. It was later determined that two rubber O-rings, which had been designed to separate the sections of the rocket booster, had failed due to cold temperatures on the morning of the launch. The tragedy and its aftermath received extensive media coverage. -
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The 1990's
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Persian Gulf War / 1st Iraq War
The Persian Gulf War / first Iraq War was fought because of the invasion of Kuwait because of Saddam Hussein. Because of this invasion, the United States, under the command of President George H.W. Bush to constantly attack Iraq with bombardment for 42 days. He then ceased the bombardment on February 28. Although there was a relentless attack of bombings done by the United States, most Iraqis left Kuwait or surrendered or fled. -
Rodney King Incident
Rodney King was born on April 2nd, 1965 in Sacramento, California. King would be better known after being caught by the Los Angeles police after a high-speed chase on March 3, 1991. The police officers would then pull him out of his car and violently beat him as George Holliday, a cameraman, caught it all on video. Because of this, it caused constant riots for two decades because of how bad the police brutality was. -
Election of 1992
The United States presidential election of 1992 had three major candidates: Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush; Democrat Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot. Although there were three of them, Perot ended up helping Clinton with the election by doing many things that went alongside the people. Because of this, Bill was able to beat Bush in the election to become the next president of the United States. -
World Trade Center Attack - 1993
The 1993 World Trade Center bombing was a terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, carried out on February 26, 1993, when a truck bomb detonated below the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The urea nitrate–hydrogen gas enhanced device was intended to send the North Tower crashing into the South Tower, bringing both towers down and killing tens of thousands of people. It failed to do so but killed six people and injured over a thousand. -
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy
The Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy was created on December 21st, 1993 by President Bill Clinton. It was signed to lift a ban on homosexual service that had been instituted during World War II, though in effect it continued a statutory ban. In December 2010 both the House of Representatives and the Senate voted to repeal the policy, and Pres. Barack Obama signed the legislation on December 22. The policy officially ended on September 20, 2011. -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
NAFTA or the North American Free Trade Agreement was an agreement between Canada, The United States, and Mexico to eliminate tariffs in trading between the three countries. NAFTA also includes chapters covering rules of origin, customs procedures, agriculture and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, government procurement, investment, trade in services, protection of intellectual property rights, and dispute settlement procedures. -
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
The Defense of Marriage Act or DOMA was signed in 1996. It was created to stop people who loved the same sex from getting married to each other. This would "protect" those who were heterosexual get married without having to think about same sex marriage. On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court changed that decision because it was against the Fourteenth Amendment to discriminate equal marriage laws against those who loved the same sex. -
Lewinsky Affair
The Clinton–Lewinsky scandal was an American political sex scandal that involved 49-year-old President Bill Clinton and 22-year-old White House intern Monica Lewinsky. In front of a jury, Clinton would say his famous quote "I did not have sexual relations with Lewinsky" Because he lied in front of the jury and broke the oath, the was asked to leave office or better, he was impeached for all of this. -
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Contemporary
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Election of 2000
The United States presidential election of 2000 was between George W. Bush, then-governor of Texas and son of former president George H. W. Bush (1989–1993), and Al Gore. The election was noteworthy for a controversy over the awarding of Florida's 25 electoral votes, the subsequent recount process in that state, and the unusual event of the winning candidate having received fewer popular votes than the runner-up. It was the closest election since 1876. -
Bush v. Gore (SCOTUS case)
The Bush V. Gore Supreme Court case was a case that was contested three times. The ruling was issued on December 12, 2000. On December 9, the Court had preliminary halted the Florida recount that was occurring. Eight days earlier, the Court unanimously decided the closely related case of Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board, 531 U.S. 70 (2000). The Electoral College was scheduled to meet on December 18, 2000, to decide the election. -
9/11 Attacks
On September 9th, 2001, 4 terrorists would hijack 4 planes and make their course to crash into different American areas. Two of the planes hit the World Trade Centers which was seen on television and the most popular out of all of the crashes. The other crashes were in a field in Pennsylvania because the passengers were able to find out what happened and got control of the plane again and the final plane hit the pentagon damaging one of the sides. -
No Child Left Behind Education Act
The No Child Left Behind Education Act was created to make sure that all children no matter color, race, or sex had the same opportunities of education. They all had to take standardized tests which would show who was able to advance on the next level or had to stay back and continue learning so that they weren't left behind as they were going up grade levels. Standardized tests like the TAKS and STAAR helped see this. -
2nd Iraq War
The second Iraq War which was also called the Second Persian Gulf War was a conflict that was fought in Iraq. The war would be fought between the months of march and april but it would continue into 2011. It was a combination of forces of the United States and Great Britain which invaded Iraq and rapidly defeated the Iraqi military and paramilitary forces. After the war, would withdrawal all of their military by 2011. -
Hurricane Katrina Disaster
Katrina was the most destructive storm to strike the United States and the costliest storm in U.S. history, causing $108 billion in damage, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It ranks sixth overall in strength of recorded Atlantic hurricanes. It was also a very large storm; at its peak, maximum winds stretched 25 to 30 nautical miles and its extremely wide swath of hurricane force winds extended at least 75 nautical miles to the east from the center. -
The Great Recession
The Great Recession is a term that represents the sharp decline in economic activity during the late 2000s, which is considered the most significant downturn since the Great Depression. The term “Great Recession” applies to both the U.S. recession, officially lasting from December 2007 to June 2009, and the ensuing global recession in 2009. The economic slump began when the U.S. housing market and large amounts of mortgage-backed securities lost values. -
Election of 2008
The election of 2008 was between Barack H. Obama and John S.McCain. It was help on November 4th 2008 and ended with Barack Obama winning the election. During the presidential election campaign, the major-party candidates ran on a platform of change and reform in Washington. Domestic policy and the economy eventually emerged as the main themes in the last few months of the election campaign after the onset of the 2008 economic crisis. -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act or shortened to be the Recovery Act was created by President Barack Obama to help develop a response to the Great Recession that happened back in 2007. The ARRA's primary objective was to save existing jobs and create new ones as soon as possible. Other objectives were to provide temporary relief programs for those most affected by the recession and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy. -
Affordable Care Act (ACA) “Obamacare”
The Affordable Care Act or Obamacare was created in the March of 2010. The ACA had 3 main goals. The first was to make it affordable to more people by lowering the cost of healthcare to those who are living in houses with income of 100% to 400%. The second was to cover all adults with income lower than 138% of the federal poverty level. And the last was to support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs of health care generally.
