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2600 BCE
The Mayas
the Mayans were skilled farmers,potters, and weavers.they lived in Mesoamerica which is now modern day mexico and central america.they had a caste system nobles and priest at the top,warriors and traders in the middle,farmers and slaves at the bottom. the Mayans were very religious they did rituals and ceremonies.one of the rituals were human sacrifices.bloodletting ,ballgames and a calendar were also some of their practices.they excelled in,pottery,hieroglyph writing, and agriculture. -
Period: 900 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
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476
The dark ages
the Dark Ages followed the fall of the mighty roman empire. most of Europe experienced a time period of cultural, demographic, and economic downfall.there was no higher learning and the average life span of a person was thirty years old. the catholic church spreaded and became the foothold of this time period. Feudalism and economic social classes were prevalent. this period is also known for its intellectual darkness and barbarity. -
1300
The Renaissance
the word renaissance means "rebirth".the renaissance started in Italy and spreaded across Europe during the 14th and 17th during the renaissance was cultural movement for humanism, a philosophy where people should be educated.the way people thought changed.instead or religion,they had science and math to prove their thoughts and ideas.religion was declining however still very important to the culture. -
1325
The aztecs
the Aztecs had the largest population of twenty million.they were nomads until they settled in the valley of mexico. the capital city was called Tenochtitlan.it was once known as one of the greatest cities in the world.pyramids and temples was built throughout their empire. the main food was maize, similar to corn and cocoa bean.the Aztecs believed in human sacrifices as part of religious rituals.they believed in many gods.they were conquered by the Spanish and wiped out by diseases. -
1347
The Black Death
the black death also known as the great plague, was one of the deadliest catastrophes in history.it was an epidemic that spread across Europe from 1347 to 1353.it was caused by a bacterium called yersinia pestis. rodents such as rats transmitted it to one human and to the next killing twenty million people in Europe.Some believed that if god was punishing them and they lived through the disease, it meant god forgave them for their sins. -
1492
The Columbian exchange
the columbian exchange also known as the columbian interchange was named after Christopher Columbus. was the widespread of food, plants,animals, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas, west Africa, and the old world in the 15th and 16th centuries. following the new world discovery by Columbus. Spain quickly took advantage of what the new world had to bring. -
the Chesapeake colonies
back in England this colony was founded for monetary purposes. which is why a vast majority of the land grew too much tobacco. these colonies were around the Chesapeake bay Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in north america was founded in Virginia . the beginning of slavery started Jamestown -
The South
the south was mostly agriculture. the population of the south was 9 million with 3.5 to 4 million slaves. the south always supported slavery. the south was not as advanced as the north. the invention of the cotton gin made the industry of cotton grow and have more slaves because the demand was high. slaves were property not human beings. they worked nonstop in harsh conditions on plantations. eventually thousands of slaves were able to escape. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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new england colonies
puritans left Europe and founded the first puritan colony and what is now cape cod bay Massachusetts. puritans sailed across the Atlantic on the mayflower on aboard this ship. the first demographic movement was conceived to be established in the colonies.1 the concept of self government was introduced. thanksgiving was also throughout the Plymouth bay colony -
The mayflower compact
the mayflower compact was created by pilgrims who left Europe to the new world for religious freedom. the pilgrims decided to make a compact to maintain order so future conflicts in society can be avoided because people couldn't agree. the compact gave them the right to settle. the mayflower compact explained how the colony would run.it was signed by 41 men that were on the mayflower ship.it was the first document to be signed in the land of america. -
Massachusetts bay colonies
this colony was founded on the base of religious freedom so they can escape the hierarchical Church of England. despite establishing this colony on the ground of religious freedom from England. they were very tolerant towards other religious views. governor john Winthrop was credited for the making of this establishment under the royal charter. this colony was successful for shipbuilding and lumber trade -
proprietary colonies
George Calvert also known as the lord Baltimore was the first man to be granted a proprietary charter. his son cevil became the proprietor of Maryland on jun 20,1632. the king granted ownership to better focus on his own affairs back in England. others followed Calvert footsteps. William Penn founded Pennsylvania under the proprietary charter. the charters granted sole ownership of the colony to the proprietor. -
The Atlantic slave trade
the Atlantic slave trade was the trade of slaves from Africa to the new world. the slaves were forced into overcrowded ships and went into the new world.about 12 million were enslaved and traded. they were free labor for Americans. many died on their way to the new world. the slaves were separated from their families. the deaths were due to diseases aboard the ship they didn't have food or a bathroom. slaves were used for plantations such as sugar,cotton,tobacco -
Indentured servitude
indentured servitude were people who wanted to go to the new world but was not financially stable. men and women signed contracts to work for four to seven years in exchange for food, shelter, and clothing.the contract said they had to work on plantations for people who needed workers on their farm. the servants were mainly poor. they worked on tobacco plantations. when they were done with their work, employers gave them tools and clothes to help them until the contract is over. -
The enlightenment
the enlightenment also know as the age of reason was a movement that occurred during the last 17th century to the early 18th century.they had reasoning, logic, and science to prove their point rather than religion.major enlightenment thinkers during this time were john Locke,Issac newton,and Thomas Jefferson. the catholic church was against the enlightenment. some countries took enlightenment ideas to change their country for the better. -
the glorious revolution
the glorious revolution began in 1688. it was the bloodless revolution ever. James the 2nd was a catholic monarch ruling a nation of protestants. the colonies were a independent but he wanted a Spanish style government. he made settlers reapply for land, he placed new taxes, and made laws that favored Catholics. many people wanted to overthrown him. this resulted in parliament telling his daughter Mary the 2nd and her husband William 3rd to kick him out ruling themselves. -
the Salem witch trails
the Salem witch trails took place in the Massachusetts bay colony in 1692 and 1693 when people were accused of being possessed by the devil. the puritans believed that witchcraft was occurring in town.two young girls named Betty parris, and Abigail Williams started the witch trails. several people were accused and executed for being witches.when the trails was over twenty people were executed.many people died from being hanged.the Salem witch trails ended in 1693 -
John Locke
john Locke was an English philosopher and the father of liberalism during the enlightenment. he gave the idea of the natural rights of man he helped shaped the government in what it is today. he believed that all men were created equal. in the constitution and the declaration of independence the founding father used his idea. he believed we had the right to life,own property,and liberty he was born on august 29 1632 and died October 28,1704 -
the act of union
the act of union in 1707 was negotiation between the parliament of England and the parliament of Scotland. the parliament was the head of the empire not the king.the colonies had local control, the federal system had different levels of government.they wanted to stop the competition between each other and become a single unified country.they created the united kingdom of great britian. the act took effect on may 1, 1707 -
Period: to
Colonial America to 1793
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The Triangular Trade
the triangular trade was and exchange of goods. it was voyages from England to Africa, Africa to the new world, and the new world to England.there were raw materials from the colonies such as sugar and cotton being exchanged. also manufactured products from England and Africa they were slaves being sent to the new world to work on plantations. they wanted slaves because it was an better alternative for actual workers they would have to pay -
The great Awakening
since before the colonial america, religion was seen as a mandatory quality.religious positions where only held by societies the most elite and these members were often hailed as lords. George Whitefield and others complete changed this. him and others encouraged a personal relationship with god and held many religious revivals . -
the Middle Passage
the middle passage brought slaves from Africa to the new world for labor. it was also in the triangular trade. slaves were forced onto ships and were separated from their families. they were traded for goods like cotton and food. life on the ships were terrible.they had very little to no air to breathe and they were also chains.they were not given much to eat or drink.due to the harsh conditions of the middle passage many slaves did not make it to the new world -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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The French and Indian war
the french and Indian war also known as the seven year war was between the french and great britian. the war begin in 1754. George Washington was the leader of great Britain.the french had allies but great britian still won the war. the British gained most of control of the land of colonies in north america. the war ended February 10, 1763 the treaty of paris was signed. the french and to give up all their territory. -
The Stamp act
the stamp act was the first tax act directly on american colonist from the British government. stamp act was also a tax imposed on all american colonist. they were required to pay tax on very piece of paper such as ships papers, legal documents, newspapers, and other publications. they were taxed to help pay for great britian debt caused by the french and Indian war. -
The Boston Tea Party
the Boston tea party was a raid of three ships that belonged to great britian in Boston harbor waters. Boston colonists disguised themselves as Indians, threw several boxes filled of tea in the Boston harbor. as a protest against great britian taxes on tea and against the east India company because they thought it was unfair that great britian taxed for expenses for the french and Indian war. -
1st continental congress
in response to colonist rebellious behavior a Parliament passed the coercive acts.hindering colonist the sense of freedom and liberty. their main focus was creating colonial resistance to the coercive acts passed earlier. it was later decided that all colonies will boycott British goods with the hope of removing sanctions on the colonist. -
The Battle of bunker hill
american patriots fought one of the earliest battles with the British near present day in Boston on July 17, 1775. British forces set there sites on the hill they had a strategic advantage. although the patriots lost this battle it provided a huge moral boost for the patriots and made britian realize that the war would be long, tough, and costly. -
The Olive Branch Petition
the olive branch petition is a letter sent to the king form the second continental congress to avoid war. the second continental congress met in may to talk about the issues between great britian and the colonies. to avoid warfare the created they olive branch petition. an olive branch is a symbol of peace.the petition was sent to king George third.however he did not read the petition he thought the colonist was going against the great britian. -
The Battle of Saratoga
the Battle of Saratoga was a series of battles. it as a major victory for the Americans and the turning point during the revolutionary war. they won because of the British general Burgoyne surrendered. it took place on September 17,1777 on john freeman's farmland the second battle was on October 7 ,1777 at Bemis heights. British attacked first but lost the British had more than 600 causalities which forced general Burgoyne to surrender. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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the articles of confedration
the articles of confederation established the government of union. it was the first constitution of the united states.the colonies needed to for form a unite country so the articles of confederation was established.the first draft as created by john Dickinson. it consisted of all the rules that the states agreed on. the articles of confederation was ratified by all the states. it had to be in order to become official. however the articles of confederation was weak. it was signed march 1, 1781 -
Treaty of paris 1783
the treaty of paris was signed on September 3, 1763. this treaty was signed to official end the revolutionary war. the treaty was negotiated in paris and France. the war was fought between the united states and great britian. David Hartley was a member of the British parliament represented great britian. john jay, john Adams, and Benjamin Franklin represented the united states. king George took a year and a half to ratify the treaty which was April 9,1784 -
The Legislative Branch
the legislative branch is also known as congress. the house of congress is two parts. the house of representatives and the senate. this branch writes the laws also know as legislation .they can also declare war, confirm presidential appointment, and investigate power.there are 435 representatives total in the house.each state has their own number depending on population.the senate has 100 members and each state has two senators.they also create a annual budget -
The Judicial Branch
the judicial branch is made up of judges and courts. the judicial branch is not elected by the people.they are appointed by the president and confirmed by state. its the lowest level of the court ,districts courts,then courts of appeal. federal judges serve for life until they die or get impeached from congress. the top of the branch is the supreme court. their job is to interpret laws made by congress. they also make decisions on cases where someone breaks the laws. -
The Shays Rebellion
shays rebellion was a test for the articles of confederation the rebellion was led by Daniel shay. it was an uprising movement by the poor colonist in the rural areas who did not agree with the government, the economic crisis was caused by the american revolutionary war which put them in debt. poor farmers were furious about the taxes they were forced to pay because they could no afford it which led to protesting .the rebellion began on august 29,1786 and ended February 27 1787. -
The Federalist
the federalist believed in a strong central government. Alexander Hamilton, john Adams, Thomas pickney,are examples of federalist. they believed that the central national government should have more power than the state. federalist supported the constitution they believed that the checks and balances preserved the government. a federalist named john jay defended the constitution. he also wrote the federalist papers which is now use in the supreme court. -
The Virginia plan
the Virginia plan was also known as the large state plan. the plan involved fifteen resolutions that talked about why the articles of confederation needed a change. this was proposed by Edmund j Randolph. this plan also suggested the three branches of government.this plan helped the larger states so they could have more representative in the legislature. the smaller states opposed this -
Election of 1788
the election of 1788 was the first presidential election of the united states. George Washington wanted to become president. George Washington ran against john Adams. Washington received all 69 electoral votes. only 10 out of 13 colonies voted because north Carolina and Rhode island could not participate. in 1788 john Adams would become the vice president which is the second runner up. George Washington is considered the father of country. -
Executive branch
the executive branch is the president of the united states along with the vice president,executive office and the cabinet.the president is the head of states. it is apart of checks and balances. the branch main responsibility is to enforce laws passed by congress. the president can veto or sign legislation made by congress. the president has the support of the vice president. the president cannot make laws they only checks them. -
Period: to
New Republic
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The north
the north was industrialized. people moved from rural areas to cities to work.there were new ways of transportation and technology. people lived in slums and unsafe buildings. women worker in factories along with children, there were many hazards. a lot of people were poor they only got paid a little but worked all day. the cities became overcrowded and polluted. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
the uprising of farmers in Pennsylvania is the whiskey rebellion.it challenged the constitution under the presidency of George Washington. colonist was mad about the taxation on distilled whiskey because the demand was very high. the excise tax was led by Alexander Hamilton. the rebellion became very powerful Washington got 15,000 militiamen to go to Pennsylvania under the command of Henry lee. the whiskey rebellion showed the strength and stability of a new government -
The Bill Of Rights
the bill of rights is the first 10 amendments of the united states constitution. it gave rights to the citizens in which the government cant take away. there is the freedom of speech,the right to bear arms, no troop placed in private homes,,no unreasonable search and seizure,the right to plead the fifth,right to speedy trial,trial to jury,no excessive or cruel punishment, rights to people,and rights to the state. all these rights are unalienable rights (rights that cannot be taken away) -
Th election of 1796
this election is the third presidential election in the unites states. George Washington refused to do a third term so they needed a new president. john Adams won the election defeating Thomas Jefferson. Adams had 71 electoral votes and Jefferson had 68. john Adams became president and Thomas Jefferson became vice president beating Thomas pickney. republicans supported Jefferson. the federalist supported Adams -
Washington farewell address
near the end of his second term Washington wrote a 32 page address as a letter to his fellow citizens and friends. his address warns the dangers of long term " foreign entanglement" or "alliances with other nations". he also warns against "geographical distinctions" and "excessive political party spirit" . after publishing his address he retired to his home at mount Vernon in Virginia. -
the XYZ Affair
when britian and France went to war, french hoped that america would help out instead the Americans stayed neutral.so in 1797 the french seized Americas supply ships bounded for britian. president john Adams wanted to avoid war with the french. he sent three men to France to be diplomats in order to keep peace. when the men arrived they were approached by three agents called XYZ. they wanted the Americans to pay them a lot of money. the Americans turned down the bribe -
the Kentucky resolutions
the passing of the alien and sedition acts sent an uproar through many individuals. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison was one of the notable individuals known. their viewpoint was published in the Kentucky resolutions .congress firmly believed in federalist control in the resolutions. Thomas Jefferson asserts the idea that the states have the power to nullify federal laws or to ignore it.the fight against the alien and sedition acts fell to state level. -
the election of 1800
the election of 1800 was the fourth presidential election in america. it began October 31 to December 3. it was an election against john Adams and Thomas Jefferson. it was a nasty campaign because they disliked each other federalist called Jefferson a bad christian. this election had vice presidents unlike the other elections. Thomas Jefferson became president and Aaron burr as vice president. election of 1800 was also called the revolution of 1800. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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The Louisiana purchase
the Louisiana purchase was land given to the united states from french. the united states were expanding their territory to find new land for crops and livestock. Thomas Jefferson wanted to buy land of new Orleans from the french. the land was a major seaport that why Jefferson wanted it this would increase business.he reached out to the french emperor Napoleon to buy the land. he refused because he wanted more land than the Americas. in 1803 he sold the land for fifteen million -
The 12th amendment
this amendment was proposed by congress on December 8th, 1803 this provided the procedure for electing president and vice president. up until passing the amendment the president and vice president were voted on at the same time. this amendment fixed the flaw that allowed Jefferson and burr to tie in the electoral college. since the passing of this amendment they must be voted individually. -
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
when napoleon sold the Louisiana territory to the united states Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and William Clark to explore the new land. they started by going up the Missouri river on the way they met a lot of native american tribes. in the winter season they stayed with the mandan nation. while there they met a woman named Sacajawea. she then joined the expedition as a translator she helped them with food and maintain peace with other tribes. -
Hamilton VS Burr
Aaron burr and Alexander Hamilton never liked each other. it was a long political rivalry against them. the Hamilton vs burr duel took place July 11, 1804 in weehawken,new jersey. Hamilton was shot by burr in the duel. a duel is a fight with weapons to settle a agreement the duel was caused by Hamilton he talked down on burr in a newspaper. burr wanted a apology but he refused. Alexander Hamilton died the next day. -
The war of 1812
the war of 1812 was war between the united states and the British. because of the British restrictions on the US trade and america desire to expands it territory. america declared war June 18 1812. the British had the most strongest navy at the time. in 1813 the British beats the united states from Canada.they blocked american ports. the British burnt down the white house. america defeated britian at the great lakes.the war ended with a treaty called the treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814 -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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Paul Revere
Paul revere got on his horse to warn the colonial militias and the sons of liberty about the British soldiers. in April the British soldiers were in Boston. there was a rumor that they were going to make a hit on the colonist. the stories heard about revere yelling "the British is coming" that is false. he tried to be quiet so he wouldn't get caught. -
panic of 1819
following the war of 1812 the panic of 1812 was the first peacetime recession crisis in the united states.this was followed by the collapse of the american economy. nationwide unemployment ,widespread bank failures, foreclosures around the country. agricultural outputs ans manufacturing capacity marked a end of the economic expansion following the war of 1812 -
The Second Great Awakening
the second great awakening focused on religion. the awakening occurred after the revolutionary war.it started in the 1800's which is the 19th century. it traded the old beliefs form the British with the new american values. it was led by powerful preachers. the awakening sparked anti slavery ,suffrage,and temperance. a leader name Thomas Paine wrote the age of reason. Seneca falls of convention and suffrage was about the voting rights of women. temperance was about the alcoholism. -
Period: to
Cultural changes
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The Missouri Crisis
the Missouri crisis was resolved with the Missouri compromise. it allowed Missouri to become the 24th state in america. this was a conflict because there were 11 free and 11 slave states. congress had to decide which one Missouri would be. James Monroe was the president at this time. this crisis sparked the idea of popular sovereignty this was also another conflict that contributed to the civil war. Missouri became a slave state -
The Monroe Doctrine
the Monroe doctrine was a speech delivered to congress from James Monroe.on December 2, 1823 the speech was delivered.it was an ideology by the political party. it would not allow Europeans to establish new colonies in the independent countries in north america. he wanted to define the united states foreign policies. he also talked about how america cannot interfere with European colonies or get into conflicts with them. he established this so the Europeans can know they cannot regain power. -
Election of 1824
the tenth presidential election began October 26 to December 2 1824 this was the very first election where all white men could vote rather than only rich white men. the election involved Andrew Jackson and john Quincy Adams. john Quincy Adams had 84 electoral votes, Andrew Jackson had 99 votes. they needed 131 to win the election. according to the 12th amendment house of representatives had to choose john Quincy Adams became president after a deal with clay. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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the cotton gin
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to reduce labor and take seeds out the cotton.the machine made cotton plantations much more convenient and profitable by cotton getting on the markets faster then ever. it increased production of cotton because its cheaper and easier to be distributed around the world at a reasonable price. it made the slave owners want more slaves because they wanted more money and production. -
Railroads
railroad impacted american transportation. trains were more sufficient than steamboats because they were quicker. railroad got popular around 1830s. railroads were usually used for private companies and the state.the first railroad was built in 1807 by 1860 more than 30000 miles of track was built from NYC to the Mississippi river.the cars were very uncomfortable. the railroads was designed to better the transportation. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson also known as the old hickory was born march 15, 1767. he was the 7th president of the united states. Jackson was apart of the democrat party he ran for president in 1824 and lost. in 1828 he won and got reelected. he called his supporters the Jacksonians. Jackson disliked the native Americans so he forced them to migrate to Oklahoma known as the trail of tears.he was against the national bank. at the age of 78 on June 8, 1845 he died on his plantation. -
The Mormons
the Mormons was a religious group they also called themselves the latter day of saints they appealed traders and farmers. they did not drink alcohol, tea, or coffee .most Mormons lived in Utah because they migrated for religious freedom. a man named Joseph smith founded golden tablets in 1823. he believed he had visits from god the golden tablets were part of the church of Jesus Christ of the latter day saints. -
Abolitionist
abolitionist were people who opposed the practice of slavery. during the time of the underground railroad, many abolitionist helped slaves by giving them food, homes, necessities and guiding them so they can reach the north a very well known abolitionist William Lloyd garrison wrote an anti slavery newspaper called the liberator .republicans opposed slavery. the 13th amendment abolished slavery. -
Anti Aboltionist
anti abolitionist were for slaves .they hated the movement abolitionist started. anti abolitionist held bonfires to burn abolitionist books. most anti abolitionist were white people in the south. they wanted to keep slaves so they can do the work for them on plantations. they got treated poorly. the gag rule was later made stating you were not allowed to speak upon the issue of abolitionism -
The Indian Removal Act
the Indian removal act of 1830 was law passed by the united states congress that was signed by Andrew Jackson, to make an easy removal of the american Indian tribes living to the east of Mississippi.the act was carried out even though the five southeastern tribes tried to assimilate to what they called the white man's life. because Andrew Jackson viewed Indians as savages who were incapable of self governing. -
the trail of tears
the trail of tears Andrew Jackson passed he law that made american Indians to move to Oklahoma. the reason for this was because Jackson disliked the Indians, so he forced them out of their homelands between Georgia and Oklahoma. they marched 800 miles west of Mississippi to be settled far from their home. during the march 4,000 out of the 16,000 Indians died thats
how the name trail of tears came about. -
the Oregon trail
the Oregon trail was the most popular and frequently used trail in the means of traveling to the american frontier. the average 2,000 mile journey took six months to two years approximately 15,000 settlers died on the Oregon trail. this trial was mapped out by the fur trader the had wagons trains that carried their belongings and valuable resources. -
The Battle of San jacinto
the battle of San jacinto was apart of the Texas revolution. it took place on April 21, 1836 the battle of San jacinto was the last battle of Texas revolution. the Mexicans were led by Santa Anna and the Texans were led by SAM Houston.the Texans defeated the Mexicans this lead them to gain land in Texas. Santa Anna had to sign the treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo in exchange for his freedom after SAM Houston captured him . Texas declared independence. -
The lowell mills
during the industrial revolution everyone had to work women, men, and children. the role of the women shifted. the Lowell mills was one of the first factories that were hiring women.it was a textile mill in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1840s. seventy five percent of the workforce were women they were known as the "mill girls" or the "Lowell girls". they were only hired because of low pay.the conditions were horrible. there were a total 8,000 textile workers in Lowell mills -
Slum
the slums is an area where poor people live.people who lived here did not have basic necessities. many people in the population moved to big cities for a better life. however it became overpopulated and the life was harsh. they migrated from rural areas to farms. this made the cities overcrowded.this made cities unsanitary. they barely made money and could not support them or their families. -
the underground railroad
the underground railroad was not an actual railroad.it was an route where slaves took to go from the south to the north to escape slavery for freedom . the conductors were people who showed slaves the way.safe places were places that slaves could go and rest. Harriet Tubman was a well known conductor. slaves would travel at night to reduce the risk of getting caught 100,000 slaves were able to escape.abolitionist and Quakers helped slaves escape. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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The manifest Destiny
the manifest destiny is the belief from the Americans that as a nation is was destined in a fate that it was meant to be and duty to move westward and conquer the west to achieve a second opportunity in life they believed god blessed america and the growth. James Polk was the president at the time.it was believe that god had the desire to move westward and expand the lands across the north american continent from the Atlantic ocean all the way to the pacific. -
Sam Houston
SAM Houston was born on march 2 ,1793. he was a politician and the governor of Texas. he is the most known for being the leader of the Texas revolution.he joined the army and fought in the war of 1812 ,in 1833 he settled in Texas. in 1836 the united states chose him to be the commander. Houston led the army to defeat Santa Anna at the battle of San jacinto. he was the governor during the civil Houston later decided to break away from the union and join the Confederacy. -
The Bear Flag Revolt
Americans settlers in California Sacramento rebelled against the Mexican authorities. the bear flag revolt took place June 14 to July 9 1864. California was declared a republic it ended because of California annexation by the united states. this revolt created the California republica flag with a grizzly bear next to a red star. the red star is a symbol of the lone star republic. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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The Mexican and american War
the Mexican american war was fought between mexico and the united states over Texas. Polk wanted to expand westward with the belief of manifest destiny. Polk sent troops to the border attacking the Mexican troops. there were disputes between the two countries July, 7 1846 the united states declared war on mexico. Zachary Taylor led united states. Santa Anna led mexico. the war ended with the treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo. -
treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo
the treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo was signed on February 2nd, 1848 by mexico and the united states this treaty ended the Mexican and american war. the war involved mexico and the united states . mexico had to give up California, Texas, Nevada, Utah,Colorado, and new mexico to the united states the US had to pay 15,000,000 and exchange their troops from Mexican soil. this increased belief called manifest destiny. -
The California Gold Rush
gold was discovered by a man named James W Marshall he then shared the news with john sutter. many Americans in 1849 started to migrate to California in the search of gold. they were known as the 49ers. miners would go into the river and seek for gold.wherever the gold was people would move in and start mining.when the gold was gone the towns became deserted. some left wealthy while others left without nothing. -
The Kansas and Nebraska act
this law was written by Stephen Douglas and was passed by Franklin pierce may 30 1854. it was compromise based on popular sovereignty. it divided territory west of Missouri and Iowa. it opened up a new region for slavery and abolitionist were angry.in the future Kansas became a free sate -
The Dred Scott case
one of the most significant supreme court case was the dred Scott case. the supreme court ruled that African Americans can not and will never be citizens. they stripped them on any and all rights.not only did the congress rule that blacks were not citizens the courts also ruled that congress had no power to regulate slavery in the western territories. this ruling devastated abolitionist and slashes the republican platform. -
Election of 1860
during the election of 1860 the democrats were john Breckenridge and john bell. the republican that ran was Abraham Lincoln. america was divided at this time over slavery. the south wanted slaves but the north did not. Abraham Lincoln thought that slavery should not be allowed in the newer states. john Breckenridge supported slavery in the end, Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 -
the Civil war
the civil war was between north and the south. south wanted slavery and the north did not, causing the south not wanting to be apart of the united states. the northern sates were called the union. the south states were called the Confederates. Abraham Lincoln wanted a stronger federal government and no slavery. the south did not agree the union had a rough time but it lead them to victory when Robert e lee surrendered. -
the battle of fort sumter
battle of fort Sumter took place from April 12 to the 13th in 1861. it was the first battle of the civil war. fort Sumter is on a island in south Carolina. president Lincoln told them a supply ship was going to Sumter. the confederates were led by PGT Beauregard. he told major Anderson to surrender or he would fire. he did no surrender -
Period: to
Civil war
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the First bull Run
this battle took place on July 21, 1861. it was the first Major battle during the civil war. general McDowell ordered the union to attack. there were 30,000 union troops that marched to the south. the union outnumbered confederates. the confederates won the battle. the union did not have any training. Lincoln enlisted 500,000 more union soldiers. he hired McClellan to be the new general. -
Freedom Amendments
the 13th amendment was passed by Abraham Lincoln. it abolished slavery and made it illegal in 1865. the 14th amendment defined people born in the united states are citizens. the 15th amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. these amendment helped protect the rights of of former slaves who are no free -
White resistance
white people resented black rights. groups such as white brotherhood, white league, and the klu klux Klan. it all started in the south. Mississippi was one of the racist states in the south. the groups punished black and white people who challenged the social order. they hanged and murdered blacks. till this day these horrific events occur. -
Freedmans Bureau
the freedman bureau was establish on 1865 it was establish the slaves who were free the slaves free were called freed man they gave the freed man food,schools, and emergency services the land confiscated and was given acres, with a mule this was known as 40 acres and a mule this instituted the reconstruction schools were provided by the freedman bureau for free slaves -
Lincoln assassination
president Abraham Lincoln was shot in the back of the head on April 14,1865 by john Wilkes booth. Lincoln was attending a play with his wife Mary called our american cousin at the ford theater. in the presidential box booth shot him in the head with a small pistol. booth hurt his leg trying to runaway after the shot. Lincoln was carried to a nearby hospital and he later died on the 15th. the soldiers found booth hiding in the barn they set the barn on fire -
Ulysses S grant
Ulysses S grant was born on April 27, 1822. he was the 18th president of the united states and served two terms. he was apart of the republican party. many people lost their jobs because he crashed the stock market. he fought for the rights of African Americans. Ulysses fought in civil war he got Robert e lee to surrender to him at the Appomattox court house. he died of throat cancer July 23 ,1865 -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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THE KKK
Klu klux Klan is short for KKK. they created fear for African Americans. they wanted to take away free blacks rights away.they also attacked whites who supported blacks. they want white supremacy the rode horses at night to terrorize people. the KKK covered their faces with white hooded costumes to hide themselves. it represented the ghost of the dead confederates they did not believe in racial equality. -
santa anna
Antonio Lopez DE Santa Anna (Santa Anna) .he was born on February 21, 1794 he was elected president then became the dictator of mexico. he was known as a great leader. he was the leader during the Texas revolution.when he was young he joined the Mexican army. Santa Anna led the Mexican army at the Alamo. he was eventually captured at the battle of San jacinto and forced to order Mexican troops leave Texas. he died June 21, 1876 -
the Gettysburg address
president Lincoln gave a speech called the Gettysburg address . it was given November 19,1893. the speech was only 2 minutes long but was very meaningful. it was dedication to the national cemetery. it honored those who died in the civil war. it was given six months later. the Gettysburg address is known as one of the greatest speech in history.
