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Roanoke, the first English colony, disappeared for unknown reasons. The colony consisted of John White and some of his relatives. In the settlements founding year its mayor John white left for England to request for supplies and man power. Three years later John White came back to find the colony, his wife, child, and grandchild- (the first English child born in the Americas.) gone with Croatoan and the letters Cro carved in a trees. The disappearance is a great mystery and puzzles us today.
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The Virginia Company established a colony along the coast of Virginia. The colony had a terrible start, so rough that only 38 of the 150 settlers survived the first winter. Jhon Smith emerged as James Towns leader. He declared that those who didn't work wouldn't eat.
The town finally became profitable after they started growing Tabaco after John Rolfe brought over the first seeds. -
The House of Burgesses was a assembly of representatives in the Virginian Colony. Which was an offshoot of the first elective governing body in a British overseas possession. The House of Burgesses was established by George Yeardley in James Town. The House included the governor a council all appointed by the Virginia Company and 2 elected delegates from each of the colonies 11 settlements. The assembly met in James town until they moved to Williamsburg (Virginia's Capital) in 1700.
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The Great Migration was a migration of Puritans escaping religious persecution, looking to purify the church. During the Great migration the puritans migrated to New England Chesapeake and the West Indies. The English migration to Massachusetts Consisted of a few hundred to Plymouth in the 1620's and between 13,000 and 21,000 emigrants who went to Massachusetts Bay colony between 1630 and 1642.
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The Mayflower was a ship holding 102 pilgrims searching for religious freedom and better lives that sailed to Plymouth. The first winter was hard and they landed too far north steeling food from the natives in Plymouth until they learned to work together and plant crops having a feast we call Thanksgiving. Half the pilgrims died in the first year. The Mayflower compact was made on the trip over to establish rules for self-governance and ensure functioning social structure would prevail .
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New York Originally New Netherland was renamed after the Duke of York when the English took over to unify there colonies and peacefully since they let the Dutch keep there commercial rights.www.thoughtco.com/new-york-colony-103878#:~:text=New%20York%20was%20originally%20part%20of%20New%20Netherland.,the%20Dutch%20began%20trading%20with%20the%20Native%20Americans.
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The Massachusetts bay Colony was one of the original English settlements in modern-day Massachusetts, settled in 1630 by a group of about 1000 puritan refugees searching for religious freedoms. www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony
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Cecilius Calvert was granted a charter for the land of Maryland a middle colony. as a haven in which his fellow Roman Catholics might escape the restrictions placed on them in England. The first things they established in the new settlements where farms and trading posts with the help of the local native Americans learning from James Towns mistakes. Maryland's most important crop became Tabaco.
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Thomas Hooker and Governor John Hanes Founded the colony of Connecticut lead 100 people to settle Hartford. Under Thomas Hooker who was a puritan minister's influence the settlers passed the Fundamental orders of Connecticut as the first written constitution in north America. [Link text] www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/RI1.html and Notes
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A dissenter Rodger Williams banished from the Massachusetts bay colony for his radical views founded the first permanent settlement in Providence with his firm belief in freedom of religion, tolerance, and separation between church and state governed the colony and inspired the future founders of the United States.
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The Maryland Toleration Act granted religious freedom but only within the realms of Trinitarian Christianity and was one of the earliest religious laws of liberty and the limit to Christianity was repealed in 1692.
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The colony of Carolina was founded by 8 of King charnels the 2nds supporters who where granted the land that is now north and south Carolina. The Carolinas main cash crops where rice, indigo, and Tabaco. These crops where labor intensive and required slave labor so much so that by 1720 African slaves outnumbered European settlers in the Carolinas 2:1. In 1729 Carolina became a royal colony and was split into North and South Carolina.
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Nathaniel Bacon raised an unauthorized militia of indentured servants to retaliate against a series of Native American attacks on the Virginia frontier. He did this because he was angry about Governor Berkeley's refusal to retaliate against the native Americans. It was significant because it was the first First Colonial rebellion against the royal powers and because of it laws making Africans hereditary Slaves were passed. Notes en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon%27s_Rebellion
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King Charles 2 granted William Penn a charter for the colony
of Pennsylvania which became a middle colony. Pen established the colony as a holy experiment a place without a landowning aristocracy where every male settler got 50 acres and the right to vote. In the 1660's William Penn became a Quaker and Pennsylvania became a haven for Quakers. -
The Salem Witch trials started when young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused some of the local women of witchcraft, a wave of hysteria swept through the area. 150 people where imprisoned for witchcraft, 7 died in prison, 19 men and women were found guilty and hung and 1 person was crushed to death for refusing to testify. The hysteria ended in September 1692 with public opinion turning against the trials. Notes
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The Great Awakening was a religious revival that impacted the English colony's. The movement arrived during a period when the notion of secular rationalism was being emphasized, and passion for religion had gone cold. Christian ministers would often go from town to town preaching the good news and created a new enthusiasm for Christianity and this movement effected many Christian denominations and American culture.
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The Albany Plan of union was a plan to place the British north American colonies under a more centralized government. Although never carried out, the Albany plan was the first important proposal to conceive of the colonies as one united government. www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/jamestown
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The French and Indian war was a war started because of the upper Ohio river valley and whether it was part the British territory. The war was fought Between the French and Britain but France was aided by the Native Americans. Although behind this issue was the one of which culture would dominate the heart of North America. www.britannica.com/event/French-and-Indian-War
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After the end of the French and Indian war, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763 in order to appease the Native Americans and stop the further encroachment on to their lands. The Proclamation stated that the settlers could not move past the proclamation lines stopping expansion over the Appalachian mountains. Furthermore only the Empire could handle relations with the Native Americans and only license traders could make deals with Natives and travel west of the Appalachians.
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Salutary Neglect was a Policy of the British government in the 1800's in which under which trade regulations where laxly enforced on the North American colonies as long as they where loyal to Brittan. This created increased autonomy in the colony's legal and legislative institutions which ultimately led to American independence .
