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The Confederates attack Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.
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This calls for all United States naval and land forces to begin a general advance.
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More than 13,000 Union and 10,000 Confedreate troops are injured or killed.
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This is the bloodiest day in U.S. military history.
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Slaves are freed in territories held by Confederates.
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Confederates are defeated at Gettysburg.
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