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Hapsburgs
The Hapsburgs had ruled the longest in Europe, and added almost duble the territory to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. -
Ottoman Empire
People started having revolts against the Ottoman Empire, hoping to set up individual states. -
Congress Of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation, but they were ruled by the Austrian Hapsburgs and were only linked ny ethnicity and speech. -
Revolts Begin
Nationalist revolts call for a unified nation. -
Against Austrian Rule
Nationalists in Venice took over an arsenal and established the Republic of Venice. This didn't last long though, for Venice fell back under Austrian rule. -
Risorgimento
The Risorgimento, or Italian nationalist movement, go to the kingdom of Sardinia, hoping to unify them. -
Count Cavour
King Victor Emmanuel II appoints Count Camillo Cavour as Prime Minister. -
Alliance With France
Camillo Cavour formed a secret allaince with France. -
War With Austria
Cavour provoked war with Austria, and defeated them with France's help. -
Birth of a King
Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy. -
Otto von Bismarck
King William I of Prussia makes Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia. -
Alliance With Austria
Bismarck forms an alliance between Prussia and Austria. -
Invasion of Denmark
Bismarck invades Denmark, won, then split Schleswig and Holstein between Prussia and Austria. Prussia got Schleswig, while Austria got Holstein. -
Alliance Broken
Bismarck attacks Austria, taking the land of Holstein for Prussia. -
Ferenc Deak
Ferenc Deak was a Hungarian leader who created the new political power, the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. -
War With France
Bismarck provokes war with France. France suffered a massive defeat and this war proved that Germany was the new big power in Europe. -
Unification Complete
In January, Germany was officially united as the 2nd Reich. -
Political War
Bismarck started to wage political war with the Catholic Church. -
Bismarck Promoted
Kaiser William I appointed Bismarck to Chancellor. -
Kulturkampf Failure
Bismarck's political war against the Catholic Church failed and the Catholics stood behind the church even more, so Bismarck gave up. -
Death of an Emperor
Kaiser William 1 died. -
New Kaiser
William I grandson, William II, becomes the new Kaiser. -
Bismarck Gone
Kaiser William II asked Bismarck to step down instead of being fired.