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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
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Jan 1, 1519
Hernan Cortes conquers Mexico
11 ships set sail westward to find new land. The first land that Cortez saw was the Yucatan coast. It was ruled by Mayans. They got wat they wanted from the Mayans of the Yucatan coast and left to San Juan de Ulua. Then they arrived to Veracruz and when Moctezuma heard he sent people to greet them but instead Cortes shot in the air and the people told Moctezuma what happen. Then Moctezuma went to meet Cortez, who ended up losing Tenochititlan to Cortez. -
The Adam-Onis Treaty
This was one of the critical events that defined the U.S.-Mexico border, The border between the spanish lands and american territory was a international debate. Onis signed a treaty with the secretary of state John Quincy Adams similar to the Louisiana purchase, the U.S. agreed to pay it citizens against Spain $5 million. The treaty drew a border between spanish land and the Louisiana territory. The U.S. and Spain then fought over some states. -
Mexico wins Independence
The creoles, encouraged by the Indians and Mestizos started a revolution for independence.miguel hidalfo y costilla , a creole, ordered the arest of all spaniards in dolores, guanajuato and then he called all the townspeople he then shouted his call known as el grito. the independence of mexico is celebrated in september the 15 and 16. -
Mexico loses Texas
The U.S. and Mexico were debating over Texas. Seeing that U.S. settlers were immigrating to Texas the Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna tried bringing the U.S. immigration to a halt. He made some changes and in return the settlers revolted. Because of Mexicos actions the Texans declared their independence from Mexico under the command of General Sam Houston. The war between Mexico and Texas includes the famous battle of Goliad. -
Mexican-American war
President Polk was mad that mexico didnt agree on haveing the rio grande as a border of the two countries and mexico also didnt agree on letting texas go and on selling california and new mexico to the us. president polk sent and army and won the battles of new mexico and california, the army seized mexico and the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo was signed and the war was over. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The treaty brought the Mexican American war to and end. Mexico had to give half of its territoy to the U.S like California, Arizona, Mexico, Texas and parts of Colorado, Nevada and Utah and the U.S gave $15 million to Mexico. -
Califorrnia claims land
After the Mexican American war, mexican american land owners in the U.S. began to lose their land. Mexicans living in the U.S were stripped of their land. Mexican Americans believed that they had a hero, William McKendree Gwin. Often the land fell to the hands of the lawyers and the Mexican Americans' hopes were lost. Many lost their lans by violent acts. -
Gadsden Purchase
The Mesilla Valley was the most southern route for a railroad to the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. president Franklin Pierce wanted to secure the land to fullfill the railroad expansion in the west and in order for that to happen Pierce and the minister of Mexico, James Gadsden, agreed on the Gadsden Purchase. The purchase made a major step in resolving the Mexican American border issues. -
Famous Bandits
Joaquin Murrieta is still a mystery wether he existed or not. The nzame describes and infamous bandit during the California Gold Rush arounf 1850. In July of 1853 Califonia rangers killed two Mexicans and one was indentified ad Joaquin Murrieta. Tiburcio Vasquez had a plan to raid and sack Kingston in 1873. He and his 15 men robben 2 men. The town people armed themselves and chased Vasquez out of town. In March, 1874 Vasquez was hanged for his crimes. -
Battle of Puebla
In 1862 the French landed in Veracruz along with Queen Isabella ll of Spain and Queen Victoria of Great Britain. They had come to collect a debt from Mexico. President Benito Juarez had suspended the debt. Juarez proposed to repay the debts two years later. The U.S. was the cause of France's attack on Mexico. On May 5, 1862 General Laurence led 6,000 French troops to Puebla, Mexico and expecting them was General Ignacio Zaragoza with 4,000 troops. When Zaragoza attacked the French was to flee. -
Mexicans work in railroads
El Paso needed more workers, when the railway was getting short on labor, and started hiring Mexican workers. Asians helped in most of the work and in 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Acr stopped the immigration fron China. U.S. railroads supported the immigration. Many other railroads hired Mexican workers offering the contracts. About 16,000 Mexicans worked on the railroad in the west by 1908. -
Ballads become popular
Ballads are narrative songs that went along the border. They talk about actual events that happened in life. Corridos were musical stories about people that made heroic acts and did something inportant. During the Mexican revolution corridos were composed to honor those people who were rebels like Pancho Villa. -
Mexican Revolution Begins
The Mexican Revolution was destined to change Mexicos society and economy. Many Mexican immigrant left to the U.S. Those who didn't fight went to hide away. About 890,000 legal Mexican immigrant came to the U.S. for safety. Thats when the railroads started hiring Mexicans. -
Eluterio Escobar
Eleuterio Escobar was born in Laredo, Texas in 1894. His educational experience was common among the Mexican American children at the time. He stopped his education at #rd grade upon the death of his father when he was only 13. He later worked as a traveling salesman. La Liga Pro-Defensa Escolar was a top advocat for the Mexican American children. Because of this @ new school were constructed with 50 classrooms, a playground and new teachers. In 1958 junior high school was named after Escobar. -
bracero program
Between 1850 and 1880 about 55,000 Mexican workes immirated to the U.S. They worked in commercial agriculture, mining industry, light industry and the railroad. The working conditions and the salaries of the Mexicans were poor. About 60% of the railway working crews were Mexican. The Bracero program was were Mexicans had to stay in the U.S. and work and could not leave the country unless it was an emergency. When their contract ended the Mexicans would be return back to Mexico. -
American G.I. Forum
In 1948 Dr. Hector P. Garcia wanted to join the Naval Air Station in Corpus Christi, Texaas and they refused to accept sick World War ll veterans who were latino. Garcia founded the American G.I. Forum. 500,000 lationos who honorably served in World War ll now had a leader in Garcia and later the American G.I. Forum was opening branches across the nation. -
Operation Wetback
In 1949 the Border Patrol seized almost 280,000 illegal immigrants. By 1953 the numbers had grown more that 865,000 and the U.S. government felt pressured by the onslaught of immigration. Operation Wetback divesid in 1954 under the supervision of the new commissioner of the immigration and Nationalization service, Gen. Joseph Swing. The police swarmed through mexican american barrios and some mexicans were scared and ran away. The immigrants were deported back with their american born children. -
Maquiladoras
In 1964 a massive border industry was created and dominated the industrial make-up of the 2,000 mile border between the U.S. and Mexico.It was established by the B.I.P and replaced by the then ending bracero program. The maquiladora industry transformed the border regions and started developing industrial zones. In the U.S. - Mexican twin plan agreement raw materials can temporarily be imported to Mexico. Products are assemble in Mexican labor and when finished transported back to the U.S. -
NAFTA went into affect
After 3 years of difficult negotiations The NAFTA went in to affect in January 1, 1994. The agreement attempted to make trade relationships between the U.S. Mexico and Canada. The agreement completely eliminated tarriffs over years and disolved many other trade barriers. The NAFTA has helped very much by makin the population grow.
