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  Europe
 -Nicholas Copernicus: Discovered that the Earth wasn't the center of the solar system
 -Isaac Newton: Created the 3 laws of physics
 -Galileo Galilei: Created a type of telescope
 Events
 -Galileo proved the properties of gravity
 -Johanns Kepler revealed his 3rd and final law of planetary motion
 -Torricelli invents the barometer
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  Europe and North America
 -Francias Bacon: Developed the inductive method of scientific invesigation
 -Benjamin Franklin: Influenced the formation of the new government of the United States
 -Thomas Hobbes: Made a theory that all humans are inherently self-driven and there should be a single all-powerful monarch
 Events
 -The Thirty Years' War
 -Thomas Hobbes released 'Leviathan'
 -Jean-Jacques published 'The Social Contract'
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  13 colonies
 -Thomas Jefferson: Main author of the declaration of independence
 -Samuel Adams: Leader in the rebellion against taxes
 -George Washington: Commander in Chief of the colonial army
 Events
 -Boston Massacre
 -Boston Tea Party
 -Convocation of the First Continental Congress
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  France
 -Luis XVI: Caused france to plunsh in severe debt, he was executed
 -Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, led a lavish life style and was deeply despised, she was executed
 -Robespierre: Head of the comitte of public safety, called for the execution of over 40,000 people
 Events
 -Representative government vs. authoritarism, two new different models of government
 -Spread of enlightenment ideas around Europe
 -Domino effects of revolution in new world colonies
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  France
 -Napoleon Bonaparte: Leader of the Freanch movement
 -Gebhard Blucher: Helped the British army
 -Alexander I: Czar of Russia
 Events
 -Napoleon proclaimed himself as emperor
 -Napoleon defeated the Prussian and Austrian army
 -A military disaster where armies revealed against the French and Napoleon was defeated