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Homer Plessy and Louisiana participated in this act. It was the Separate Car Act in which it required separate railways cars for blacks and whites. The 14th amendment intended to establish absolute equality for race but the treatment to separate did not imply towards African-Americans. The blacks were the most impacted toward this act. -
Public schools were based off race. African-Americans students were denied admittance to certain public schools because the education was based off race. The segregated public facilities suggested that the rights for blacks and whites were equal. The segregation of public education based off race had a huge effect on the education and on African American children. -
The New York State Board of Regents authorized a short, voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of each school . It was challenged in Court as an unconstitutional state establishment of religion in violation. New York Court of Appeals rejected their arguments.
The Supreme Court agreed, stating that the government could not sponsor such religious activities. -
Ernesto Miranda confessed to rape and kidnapping. Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning. The Supreme Court of Arizona affirmed and held that Miranda’s constitutional rights were not violated because he did not specifically request counsel. Also Supreme Court agreed, holding that police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning. -
Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door. To protest the Vietnam War, Tinker and her brother wore black armbands to school. The administration prohibited wearing such armbands. But Supreme Court ruled that their actions were protected by the First Amendment. -
It identified towards sexual harassment, pregnancy discrimination, equal opportunity in athletics, and sexual assault policies. Which avoided the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs and prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex. It applied to all aspects of federally funded education programs or activities. It applied to any education or training program that was maintained by a recipient of federal financial assistance. -
Required public schools to provide appropriate educational services for all children with disabilities between ages 3 and 21. Public schools were required to evaluate children with disabilities and get as close as possible with the educational experience of non-disabled students. This required that school districts provide procedures for parents could dispute decisions made about their children’s education. The outline only the minimum standards that states must meet in order to get the funds. -
The state of Texas was the involvement of this case. They allowed the state to withhold funds from local districts to educate children of illegal aliens. The state disadvantaged the children of aliens by refusing their right to education. So Texas wasn’t able to improve their regulations to serve. -
T.L.O. was a high school student. T.L.O. was charged with possession of marijuana. The Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division affirmed the denial of the motion to suppress evidence. New Jersey Supreme Court reversed, and held that the exclusionary rule of the Fourth Amendment applies to searches and seizures conducted by school officials in public schools. -
Hazelwood East High School, sponsored newspaper in which it was written and edited by students. Two of the articles were found to be inappropriate, The student authors argued that this violated their First Amendment right to freedom of speech. Supreme Court disagreed, stating that administrators can edit materials that reflect school values. -
The Ohio Pilot Scholarship Program allowed certain Ohio families to receive tuition aid from the state. Both religious and nonreligious schools in the district may participate. A group of Ohio taxpayers sought to enjoin the program on the ground that it violated the Establishment Clause. The District Court granted them summary judgment, and the Court of Appeals affirmed. -
Barbara Grutter and her Equal Protection rights were violated when the University of Michigan Law School's denied her admission. The Supreme Court disagreed and held that institutions of higher education have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity. Colleges and universities have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity.