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The gas mask is an invention developed to protect individuals from toxins and poisonous substances that are in the air.
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Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
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Machine guns made their debut in WWI. During that war, they forced a change to trench warfare. In later wars, they helped change armies' tactics, moving the armies away from massed formations and into looser battle orders.
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Tanks were invented because the trench warfare type of fighting was slow and unpredictable.
