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FRANZ FERDINAND ASSASSINATED
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the second Battle of Ypres established the reputation of the Canadians as a fighting force as they held their ground against chlorine gas attacks.
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began with all sides planning assaults: Germany wanted to grind French manpower down through a war of attrition, forcing them to defend the symbolic Fortress of Verdun at horrific cost, while the Entente aimed to breakthrough on the Somme. In the East, the Germans planned to hold firm while different Russian armies planned attacks. Meanwhile, Romania enters the war as an Entente power.
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Britain and France begin 1917 under the aegis of Neville, a man determined to launch an ambitious plan of attack, while German High Command is similarly influenced, accepting predictions that a full submarine campaign against all shipping would break Britain before the US responded
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A separate peace treaty is signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey) at Brest-Litovsk
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The Austro-German leadership believes the Western Front must be stormed and a surrender forced before US troops arrive in strength; however, the Central Powers have gained so much land from Russia that the Eastern Front troops remain tied up. In contrast, the Allies have survived a year of discontent to find millions of reinforcements arriving, ready for their new assaults.
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With World War 1 over, the Allies squable between themselves over the terms of the treaty of versailles, whilst Germany sinks into violence and chaos as the Freikorps puts down various Communists attempts to seize power.
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The Treaty of Sévres is signed by the former Ottoman Empire and the Allies.
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