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The Stamp Act of 1765 in response was declared allegiance to the king and “all due subordination” to Parliament. Those rates include a trial by jury much have an abridged by the sugar act, and the rights to only be taxed by their own elected representatives. As Daniel Durant Wrote in 1765, “it is and essential principle of the English constitution, that the subject shall not be taxed without his consent.” -
The Coercive Acts of 1774, known as the Intolerable Acts in the American colonies, four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party. The four acts were the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. These acts sparked strong colonial resistance, including the meeting of the First Continental Congress, which George Washington attended in September and October 1774. -
Adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776 the declaration of independence was officially made making the United States of America a country. The Declaration explained why the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain regarded themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. The declaration was signed by representatives in 13 states. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence. -
By 1781, the British were also fighting France, Spain, and Holland. The British support for the costly war in North America waned. The Americans took advantage of the British southern strategy with significant aid from the French army and navy. In October, Washington marched his troops from New York to Virginia in an effort to trap the British southern army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis. Cornwallis had dug his men in at Yorktown awaiting supplies & reinforcements from New York. -
France, already in financial trouble, was economically exhausted by borrowing to pay for the war and using up all its credit. Its participation in the war created the financial disasters that marked the 1780s. Historians link those disasters to the coming of the French Revolution. while the peace in 1783 left France on the verge of an economic crisis, the British economy boomed thanks to the return of American business. -
revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789 hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789.” The Revolution took shape in France when the controller general of finances, Charles- Alexandre de Calonne, arranged the summoning of an assembly of “notables” (prelates, great noblemen, and a few representatives of the bourgeoisie) in February 1787 to propose reforms designed to eliminate the budget deficit by increasing the taxation classes -
The Estates-General of 1789 was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm summoned by Louis XVI to propose solutions to France’s financial problems. Because it had been so long since the Estates-General had been brought together, there was a debate as to which procedures should be followed. The King agreed to retain many of the divisive customs which were the norm in 1614 but intolerable to the Third Estate at a time when the concept of equality was central to public debate -
The National Assembly dissolved itself on September 30, 1791. The rightists within the assembly consisted were staunch constitutional monarchists, firm in their defense of the King against the popular agitation. The leftists, led by Robespierre and the Jacobins, drew its inspiration from the more radical tendency of the Enlightenment, regarded the nobles as traitors. They were suspicious of Louis XVI, some favoring a general European war, both to spread the new ideals of liberty and equality.
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