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An alliance was formed between Russia and France in 1894. By 1904 Britain began talks with Russia and decided that it should come out of its 'splendid isolation', joining the Entente Cordiale By 1907 this alliance was known as the Triple Entente.
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June 28, 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip.
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Austria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian militarism. Germany gives assurances of support.
image of Archduke Friedrich Leader of Austria after Assasination of Franz Ferdinand -
Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia. The Serbian response is seen as unsatisfactory.
image of Archduke Friedrich Leader of Austria after Assasination of Franz Ferdinand -
Germany's Schlieffen Plan was made before the war. The plan was made in case Germany would ever be at war with France and Russia at the same time. Their plan was to defeat France by sneaking through the neutral countries, then head back to Russia (who they expected to be slow to mobilize) and win in Russia too.
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Britan declare war on Germany.
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The German Army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France.
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Russian army defeated at Tannenburg and Masurian Lakes.
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First Battle of the Marne was an offensive during World War I by the French army and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) against the advancing Germans who had invaded Belgium and northeastern France and were within 30 miles (48 km) of Paris.
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The 1st Battle of Ypres started on the 19th of October, 1914. The Germans were pushing forward. Ypres was their last obstacle to Boulogne-sur-Mer and Calais. There were huge casualties for the Allies though they won the Battle of Ypres in the end. Germany was follling the Schlieffen Plan which was to go through Belgium (a neutral country) to take France and circle around to take France easily. They overlooked Britain's treaty with Belgium in event of invasion. This gave the French reinforcements
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On the 2nd of August, 1914, a secret alliance was formed between Turkey and Germany. Turkey was part of the Ottoman Empire and the full Ottoman Empire eventually joined the war on Germany's side on the 28th of October, 1914 by bombing Russian Black Sea ports.
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On this day, New Zealand and Australia landed at Anzac Cove, the French landed at Kum Kale and the English at Helles.This is known as Anzac Day to Australians and New Zealanders. This marks the start of the Gallipoli Campaign.
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Reason for Campaign
Australia was still part of the British empire and also many Australians had a strong sense of patriotism and loyalty to their 'mother country.' -
- Australians were enthusiastic about getting involved in the war; they had a strong sense of patriotism and loyalty to their 'mother country.' With ninety per cent of Australians having a British background
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Trench warfare created a living environment for the men, which was harsh, stagnant and extremely dangerous. Not only were trenches constantly under threat of attack from shells or other weapons, but there were also many health risks that developed into large-scale problems for medical personnel. Apart from the inescapable cold during the winters in France, trenches were often completely waterlogged and muddy, and crawling with lice and rats.
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Result of Gallipoli campaign
During the early days of the campaign, the allies tried to break through the Turkish lines and the Turks tried to drive the allied troops off the peninsula. Concerted but unsuccessful allied attempts to break through in August included the Australian attacks at Lone Pine and the Nek. All attempts ended in failure for both sides, and the ensuing stalemate continued for the remainder of 1915. -
World War 1 was important in shaping Australia's identity because it helped establish Australia as our own country, with our own spirit, culture, and beliefs. effectivley It put Australia on the map.
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Italy was originally part of the Central Powers (Germany, Austria Hungary and Italy) but they refused to aid them in the war. Italy originally declared neutrality but later on the 23th of May, they declared war on their former allies after Britain offered them land to recieve if the Allies won the war. They didn't end up getting their share of land.
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The Battle of Loos was fought in September 1915. The battle at Loos was part of Marshal Joffre's campaign in Artois that was designed to push back the Germans in a two-pronged offensive. Hence why on September 25th the British 1st Army commanded by Douglas Haig attacked German positions at Loos.
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The British, Australian, New Zealand, and French forces withdraw from Gallipoli. Trigger mechanisms were made to fire gunshots to cover up the withdrawal and horse hooves were wrapped with cloths to muffle sound.
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By 1916, volunteers to join the British Army were starting to dry up. In response to this, the government introduced conscription in 1916 - where the law stated that you had to serve your country in the military for a certain period of time.
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The Battle of Verdun in 1916 was the longest single battle of World War One. The casualties from Verdun and the impact the battle had on the French Army was a primary reason for the British starting the Battle of the Somme in July 1916 in an effort to take German pressure off of the French at Verdun. The Battle of Verdun started on February 21st 1916 and ended on December 16th in 1916. It was to make General Philippe Pétain a hero in France.
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In the single largest surrender of troops in British history to that time, some 13,000 soldiers under the command of Sir Charles Townshend give in on April 29, 1916, after withstanding nearly five months under siege by Turkish and German forces at the town of Kut-al-Amara, on the Tigris River in the Basra province of Mesopotamia
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The Battle of Jutland is considered to be the only major naval battle of World War One. Jutland witnessed the British Navy losing more men and ships but the verdict of the Battle of Jutland was that the German Navy lost and was never in a position again to put to sea during the war. Admiral John Jellicoe's tactics were criticised by some, but after the battle the British Navy remained a powerful fighting force whereas the German High Seas fleet was not.
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Germany breaks its promise and sinks a civilian ship with Americans on board. Outraged, USA goes to war against Germany.
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In the Battle of Caporetto, the Italians lost over 300,000 men to the Germans. It had a huge impact on the Italian spirits during the war.
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The Battle of Cambrai, was the first large scale tank battle in history. British tanks won a victory.
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On the morning of this day in 1917, after Turkish troops move out of the region after only a single day s fighting, officials of the Holy City of Jerusalem offer the keys to the city to encroaching British troops
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The Second Battle of the Marne marked the turning of the tide in World War I. It began with the last German offensive of the conflict and was quickly followed by the first allied offensive victory of 1918.
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Turkey Made Peace
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Austria made peace
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With Germany actively seeking an armistice and revolution threatening, calls for Kaiser Wilhelm II to abdicate grew in intensity. Wilhelm was himself deeply reluctant to make such a sacrifice, instead expressing a preference to lead his armies back into Germany from the Western Front. Upon being informed by his military advisers that the army could not be relied upon not to harm him Wilhelm abandoned the notion.
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At 11 o'clock in the morning of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, the First World War--known at the time as the Great War--comes to an end.
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The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the Allied victors, following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918.
