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The first battle to use radio intercepts and automotive transport. The French army was commanded by Chief Joseph Joffre. Joffre ordered an attack on September 6, which surprised von Kluck (German commander). Von Kluck advanced his forces, however, lost contact with Bulow's Second Army. On September 13, the French and German armies began a series of flanking maneuvers (race to the sea) until the Germans outran their heavy artillery. The French took a victory in the first battle.
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The Allied forces received information that the German army will be using a new weapon called poison gas. The Germans communicated poorly on how to use the gas and caused three of the eight Canadian fields to be caught. On April 22, poison gas was thrown at the Allied force, causing them to flee. The next day, the German army landed a direct hit on the Canadian troops. They killed 6,500 of their soldiers including Canadian Officer John McCrae, causing the Allied army to retreat.
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The Allied force launched heavy bombardment to cut through the German’s barbed wires. At the same time, the French five divisions advanced south, where the defenses were weaker. When the British soldiers charged through the barbed wires, over 19,240 were killed from machine guns. On the other hand, more success was in the south, gaining lots of lands. The German army tried to call in reinforcements to help defend themselves from the Allied forces but was too late and lost the battle.
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On April 9, the Canadian Corps charged forward and nearly completed their objectives that day. The next three days, they captured the last remaining German defenses and took victory. The German army was planned on attacking the Corps but lost their strength. The Corps captured Vimy Ridge which helped set up the Canadian Corps to become a fighting force. There were only about 10,500 casualties on the Canadian side while 4,000 German soldiers became prisoners
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The third battle of Ypres under the command of Sir Douglas Haig. Haig launched another attack on the German army, gaining land but was bogged down from the rain and thick mud. The German army at this point was on the verge of collapse and could be completely broken up. By the end of September, they were able to control a ridge of land east of Ypres town. Haig ordered one final attack and won the battle.
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An influenza pandemic that was most severe in recent history. It originated from an H1N1 virus with avian genes. The first case of the Spanish flu came from military personnel in the spring of 1918. About ⅓ of the population (500 million people) were infected with this virus. There were about 50 million worldwide deaths with 675,000 in the United States. In April 1920, the flu faded enough that the pandemic was over
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The Allied force had a task to attack and capture the town of Saint Mihiel. They had about 1,481 planes in the air and about 400 tanks that were commanded by Major Patton. The Germans were surprised and retreated from Saint Mihiel. The Allied forces accomplished all their objectives and won the battle. There were about 7,000 casualties, including 4,500 deaths, while the Germans had 22,500 casualties, 2,000 deaths, and 11,500 became prisoners.
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The German army was exhausted by their failed attempts to destroy the Allied forces, while the Allied force was exhausted by their tireless fighting. The German army planned to establish a line of defense and will fight heavily since the Allied forces will be too exhausted to fight back. They were destroyed by the Allied force and fled eastward. On the other hand, some fled south and were blocked by 12-inch shell bombs. The Allied forces captured St. Quentin and won the battle.
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The German army set up canals for the soldiers and tanks (which was new at the time). It wasn’t heavily defended but was surrounded with enemy machine-gun posts, barbed wires, and other defenses, which made it hard for the Allied forces to cross the Canal du Nord. On October 11, the Allied forces finally broke through the defenses, causing the German army to flee. About 43,600 Canadians were killed or wounded during the battle. This battle was part of the Hundred Days battle.
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It has been 4 years since World War 1 started in 1918. Instead of the Allied force or German army surrendering during the war. They decide to make a peace treaty called the "Armistice Agreement." The treaty promises both sides to stop fighting and end the war. It was the fastest way to end World War 1 instead of having a final battle. On November 11th, the last signature was signed and the war was finally over.
