-
Hobbes publishes "Leviathan"
The Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes, which developed a vocabulary for philosophy in the English language. It is one of the most earliest influences of "The Social Contract." Hobbes mentions treatise on politics with the human nature. He says that the "state of nature" could be avoided. The effect & impact that the Leviathan had on history was that Hobbes felt that a Monarch was the best authority, based off of that England is now a constitutional Monarch. -
Locke publishes "Two Treaties on Government"
This is a book written by John Locke, it describes both treaties. The first treaty is criticism arguing in support of the Divine Rights rights of Kings. The second treaty is when Locke defines political power as the right to make laws for for the protection of property rights. It effected history because they had very little debates on how to justify replacing King James II. Locke was a "prophet" for the French Revolution & the American Revolution. -
Montesquieu published "The Spirit of the Laws." The condition of the country determined the political and social structure.
A book written by Baron de Montesquieu, it was a treatise on political theories. "The Spirit of Laws," argues that government was not modeled by authority of "fathers." The best form of government is when it accumulates with human nature. The effects & impacts that this published book has on history is it is one of the most important political "science books." It is also a primary source in the Constitution. It developed democratic institutions in Europe during the French Revolution. -
Rousseau published "The Social Contract, Emile." Attempt to unite liberty of the individual with the authority of the government. Emile was important for education.
Rousseau's published work is when a view of a persons moral & political obligations are dependent on a contract among the society. He theorized political community. It argued against the idea of monarchies. The effects & impacts of the "The Social Contract" is it is voided when Locke states that people can overthrow a government. After the Constitutional Convention was over, there was a chance for Locke's theories to agree with "The Social Contract."
http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/ -
Beccaria published "On Crimes and Punishments."
This is a book published by Casare Beccaria that is a condemned torture and death penalty. It put forth the modern arguments towards the death penalty. Casare argued that torture was cruel and not necessary. It influenced the thought of criminal justice and punishments for offenders(criminals). This published material was also the creator of the Death penalty.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Crimes_and_Punishments