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Zheng He is sent to go explore more land so he can go show off how amazing the power and magnificence of the Ming Dynasty was. The significance is that China discovered more places and other places found out how powerful China was.
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Prince Henry supported exploration because he wanted to gather more spices, and gold and jewels. Portugal's main reasons for exploration were to find gold, to be respected by others, and spead Christianity.
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The Chinese didn't want other places to influence to pleople of China so they locked themselves away from the rest of the world. They only conducted foreign trade on three costal ports. China was self sufficent so they didn't really need trade, they did it more to show other people how powerful they were.
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Columbus tried to sail around the east end of Asis, but instead he hit Hispaniola. This caused other to start exploring the land that was beyond Hispaniola.
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Spain and Portugal had a rivalry, so when Columbus discovered he new land. they fought. Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep peace and he drew a line dividing the land. All lands to the east of the line were Portugese land, and all to the west were Spanish.
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de Gama was blown around the tip of Africa by a storm to a place a little bit befoe India. He had to turn around, but this caused other to keep exploring the route. Portugal eventually started using the route to avoid trading withe expensive Muslims.
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Ieyasu defeated his rivals so he gained everyone's loyalty. Then three years later, he became the sole ruler of Japan. He moved Japan's capital, and kept Japan unified and structured.
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Manchus invade China and take over. They create a new dynasty, the Qing Dynasty. The Manchus slowly earned the people's respect, because they upheld the same Confucian beliefs and restored China's prosperity.