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Henry cobot lodge
-He strongly supported both imperialism and a strong navy
-He was in charge of the congressional committee that was in charge of investigators
-was against joining the league of nations ,and felt the US world lose its freedom of action
-Imperialism ; a policy of ex trading a country's power and influence through diplomacy and military force -
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Alfred Trayed Mahan
-Mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in his book "the influence of sea power upon history"
-mahan's ideas influenced naval power by the Us sealing new markets abroad through the navy on the seas, and his emphasis upon acquisition upon naval bases , the ideas ran by the assistant secretary of the navy Theodore Roosevelt -
Alvin York
-was one of the most decorated soilders in the US army during world war 1
-Received the medal of honor for leading an attack on a german machine gun nest taking 35 machine guns, killing at leas 28 German soldiers
-This action occurred during the US portion of the broad Meuse argona offensive in france to breach the hindevburg and make th opposing german frcs surrender
-he was inspiration troughout he world -
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Sanford B Dole
-His family developed the Dole pineapple company
-The US used Hawaii as a gas station
-He had an active role in the over throw of the monarchy ..of Hawaii + was elected as the first president in 1993 for the US
-US annexed Hawaii during the sp-am war + dole became hwaiis 1s gpvoner -
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spanish american war
-was a conflict between the Us and spain
-The war was to end Spanish colonial rule in the US and a chance for US to be an empire
-It was in the western Pacific and Latin America like Philippines ,Samoa,Guam,wake island, and Cuba
-Congress support a modernization program that would make American navy effective and strong -
open door policy
-purpose of the policy was to give equal rights when trading with china
-the treaty would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china
-this policy was the United states attempt towards world power -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the US after the assassination of McKinney.
-Roosevelt 'square deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations.
-Foreign policy was to bring the united out of its isolationism and fulfill it responsibility as a world power
-After the death of garret Hobart ,Theodore became vice president. -
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panama canal
-The panama canal took 16 years to build
-The price of the build was $403
-The US helped Free Panama from Columbia to get access for the build -
Roosevelt corollary
Theodore Roosevelt
-Convinces that all Latin america was vulnerable to European attack
-president Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe doctrine and added one of his own corollary
-Monroe doctrine blocked further expansion of the Europe in the the western hemisphere , Roosevelt corollary went one step further -was used to justify US intervention throughout the hemisphere -
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dollar diplomacy
-Was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote american commercial interest
-to improve financial opportunities ,to use private capital further US interest overseas
-Taft administration concentrated in assisting american businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment and trade especially in Latin america and far east . if Latin america countries did not pay their debt the US government sent marines to collect -
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World War 1
-central proves - Austria,Hungary,German empire,Ottoman Empire,kingdom of Bulgaria,
-allied dowers are Serbia, Russia, France, the united kingdom , Italy ,Belgium, and the united states .
-the cause of the war was because of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on June 28 1914 -
sinking of Lusitania
-Less than a year after world war 1 (1914-1918) erupted around Europe , a German u-boat torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania , a British ocean liner en route from new York to Liverpool,England.
-more than 1,900 passengers and crew members on board , nearly two years would pass before the united states formally entered world war 1 , but the sinking of the Lusitania played a significant role in turning public opinion against Germany , both in the united states and abroad -
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weapons of total war part 2
Machine guns:
-fully automatic mounted or portable firearm,design to fire bullets in a quick succession from an ammunition belt
-developed for rapid firing
-one of the most deadliest and devastating weapons
Trench Warfare:
-method of fighting where opposing armies fought from and defended their territories using a system of dug out trenches or ditches
-developed to construct a thought out system that underwent constant revision
-protected men from machine guns -
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weapons of total war part 3
poison gas:
-extremely powerful blasting effect on HS victims. it harassed an disabled the enemy and pollute the battlefield.
-Germany had more chance on winning the battle
Tanks :
-lead the charge across no mans land to protect both the vehicles crew and the men , cased by early French warfare
Canned food:
-French directory decided that something needed to be done about the military food supply
-food lasted longer ,it was relatively easy to mass produce and deliver. -
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weapons of total was part 1
submarines (u-boats)
-submarines/u-boats also knows as 'undersea boat' were created to fight war on sea
-developed to gain advantage in the warfare
-Extremely effective against merchant ships& hindering the allies supply line
Mines(land&water base)
-Explosive device concealed underwater or on ground to destroy/disable enemy targets,ranging from combatants to vehicles&tanks,as they passed over or near it
-Made to create defensive barriers,attacking forces
-eliminate the use of u-boats -
sussex pledge
-the Sussex plan was a promise made in 1916 during ww11 by Germany to the US prior to the latter's entry into the war, early in 1915 Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships , but not passengers ships to be torpedoed without warning -
Espionage act
-the act was design to crush subversion and silence critics of the war . For those convicted of ordering the enemy obstructing military recruitment ,protesting conscription ,or say or doing anything to impede the war effort.
-The maximum fine was up to $10,000 and 20 years in federal prison -
Zimmerman telegram
-this was a message from the Germany foreign minister to mexico
-The war between US and Germany is published on the front of the pages of newspaper across America to help bring America into world war 2 -
German unrestricted submarine warfare
-Reasons why the US joined the war are, when German u-boats guaranteeing British isles.
-German u-boats sink merchant ships, and also because German u-boats sink the Lusitania and they also sink a merchant ship. -
Fourteen point plan
-The fourteen point plan were distributed ,world wide by the government working for George creel in the american committee on public information.
-Millions of copies of books and pamphlets that explained Wilson plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes above Germany.
-Allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the coming peace negotiations . if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
American expeditionary force
-the commander general was John J Pershing
-The AEFS nickname was "dough boys"
-They had more than 500,000-1,000,000 men the AEf sustained about 320,000 causalities 204,000 wounded during the war
-US division were deployed with french and British units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quiet secrets of their lines
-The AEF helped push the allied powers toward victory under the command of general John J Pershing -
Battle of Argonne Forest
-The AEF ( american expeditionary force ) assembled 600,000 soldiers + 40,000 pieces of artillery
-a total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wounded.
-Fought through the hilly Terrain Shattered the German line
-Final allied offensive of world war 1 that structured along the entire western front to help end the war -
supreme court
-Issue; the first amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-congress passed a law called the espionage act which said that during war time obstruction the draft was a crime
-the court ruled that their is limits to free speech. free speech is not protected from falsely shouting "fire" in a theater and causing panic. the first amendment did not protect words that created clear and presented danger . -
league of nations
-The treaty of the League of nations , an organization of nations pledged to defend each-other against aggressors.
-The united states congress denied president Wilson 14 points along with the league nations
-the league was severely weakened when several major powers such as the united states + Russian failed to join it -
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Theodore Roosevelt -battle of San Juan hill
-assistant secretary of the navy Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the "rough riders" acting with other army regiments ,they defeated Spanish forces at San Juan sill in Cuba