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Alfred thayer mahan
-Theodore Roosevelt was one of maham's followers
-his book he wrote the influence of sea power upon history
-agreed to achieve world power a country headed a power navy
-naval bases to provide fueling station -
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Stanford B.Dole
-his relation w/U.S -him & his family made the dole pineapple company
-effects played a prominent & active role in the overthrown of queen Liliuokalani
Gov. 1900-1903
-connections- family had pineapple plantations led the provisional Gov. while it worked put plans for the U.S to annex the island during Spanish american war -
Open door policy
-cause they wanted to build an empire
-united states did not have a sphere of influence of economic activities
-protect american businessmen & inventors that american would shut out of china by the European powers
-U.s participation would oppose any attempt by other, nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china -
Henry Cabot Lodge
-helped write the Sherman Anti-trust act
-in the senate he advocated military strength as the best tactic for peace for imperialism
-conservative republican U.S senator from 1893-1924
-imperialism-policy of extending a country power & influence through diplomacy or military force -
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the Spanish American war
CAUSE-U.S wanted to become a empire, U.S intervention for the Cuban patriots against Spain from the 1870s to 1898
LOCATIONS OF WAR-manila bay in the Philippines on may 1 1898
-carver led the Spanish to Santiago July 3 and tired to escape westward along the coast
EFFECTS OF TREATY-treaty of pairs ended the Spanish war
-made U.S a world power
U.S MILITARY AFTER WAR-made it's navy stronger, because they thought a strong navy was essential to defend trade and grow international interests -
San Juan hill
-was a decisive battle of the Spanish-american war
-the San Juan heights was a north-south running elevation about 2 kilo wast of Santiago DE Cuba
-rough riders were odder to engage 760 Spanish solders defending the San Juan heights the battle that made T.R famous was actually fought on kettle hill -
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Panama Canal
-built to shorten distance ships had to pass b/w Atlantic and pacific oceans
-transport cargo quicker
-U.S made new country (panama) by negotiating with Panamanian rebels and over thrown Colombian gov.
-construction of the canal cost thousands of lives and $400 millions -
Roosevelt Corollary
-changed/ stated purpose- to change Monroe doctrine to keep European nations out of Latin america based his Latin american policy on a west African proverb that said speak softly & carry a big stick
-actually did-U.S would now use force to protect its economic interest in Latin america -
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Dollar Diplomacy
PURPOSE
-promote american foreign policy golds
INTENDED ADV.
-make america more money
-took place in Caribbean region
-U.S bankers loaned money to Latin american countries if they couldn't repay loans U.S mains were sent in to assure repayment by force -
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weapons of total war part B
CANNED FOOD-created to feed soldiers during war made possible thanks to the creation of tinned cans. the food didn't spoil the man in the trenches POISON GAS- during the warfare, poison gases based on mustard were used in WW1 but later prohibited by the gen-eve protocol of 1925, later also by the chemical weapons convention of 1993 TANKS- designed for front-line combat was also used as shield from heavy machinery, had heavy power
Airplane-1st used as a reconnaissance plane, for the front-lines -
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WW1
central powers:Austria, Hungary, German empire, Ottoman empire, kingdom of Bulgaria, Bosnia ,Italy & united states
-triple entente: France, Russia, Great Britain & japan
-Assassination of archduke Franz fernidad and his wife was gunned down which led to WW1 -
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weapons of total war
A-submarine: to go underwater
(E) CREATE MINES (UNDER WATER BOMBS)
(c) enemy ships
B-minis:to destroy surface ships& submarines
(e) to destroy their enemy
(c)hamper enemy shipping movement or lock vessels into a harbor
C-machine guns-not carry guns around this made it easier took up to many men to work to make war killing easier
D-trench warfare- protect solders from enemy
(c) caused both sides to use same methods which protected
(e) NOT matched by similar advances in mobility -
Sinking of the Lusitania
-the sinking of the Cunard ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on 05/07/1915 during the 1st world war, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the untied kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland the British royal navy blockaded Germany -
Sussex pledge
-the Sussex pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to U.S early in 1915, Germany had instituted policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships, but NOT passenger ships, to be torpedoed w/out warning -
Zimmerman Telegram
-the Zimmerman telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issued 4rm the German foreign office in Jan/1917 that proposed a military alliance b/w Germany & mexico in the event of the united states entering WW1 -
German Unrestricted submarine warfare
-unrestricted submarine warfare was 1st introduced in WW1 in early 1915, when Germany declared the area around the British isles a war zone, in which all merchant ships including those from neutral countries, they will be attacked by the German navy. 1 out of 4 reasons that led to U.S to the WW1 -
America expeditionary force
-the AEF consisted of the U.S armed forces sent to Europe under the command of general john j. Pershing in 1917 to help fight WW1
-14000 U.S soldiers had in force and the AEF had many a minor participation
-nickname "dough boys" possibly because of the white belt they wore which they clean pipe clay or dough
-Pershing believe in a combat and felt that 3 yrs of trench warfare made allies to defensive american forced to store German advance -
14 point plan
The fourteen point plans were distributed by the gov. writing for George Creal in the american committee
Allies accept the fourteen points as the basis for the country peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two restorations -
Espionage Act
The law was extended on may 16, 1918 by the Sedition Act of 1918- actually a set of amendments to the Espionage Act- which prohibited many forms of speech, including any disable, proforma scunilous or abusive language about the from of gov. of the untied states or the flag of the U.S -
Battle of Argonne Forest
Beginning of the end of the war
Assembled 600,000 soldiers
They fought through hilly terrain, shattered the German defenses
117,000 were killed or wounded -
Schenck vs. U.S
-Charles schenck was convicted for distributions literature that encouraged men to resit the draft in WW1
-schenck claims 1st amendment was violated
-court ruled there were limits to freedom of speech like "clear and present danger" & shouting "fire" in a crowded movie theater which is not protected by the 1st amendment -
league of nation
-intergovernmental organization as a result of the pairs peace conference
-purpose was to maintain world peace
-weakness lacked there own focus they depends on the great powers but they were ? to help
-the league severely weakened when several mar powers, such as the U.S and Russia failed to join it league proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started withdrawing from the league -
USS Maine
-in 1989, USS Maine was sent to Havana to protect U.S interests during a Cuban revolt against Spain
although the explosion remains unknown the "hearts & Pulitzer"
newspaper blamed the Spain for sabotage "yellow journalism
the sinking of Maine set off a fire storm making the people protest in the U.S