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Women's Christian Temperance Union
-The purpose of WCTU was to combat the influence of alcoholon families & society
-Frances Willard became president of the WCTU and tuned to organized political means in addition to moral persuasion to achieve total abstinence
-The issue was seen in society as moral, issue to create prohibition through the nation -
Pendleton Act of 1883
-Provided the federal gov. jobs awarded on the basis of merit and be selected through competitive exams
-In 1881 a mentally unstable man assassinated James A. Garfield in protest against not obtaining a gov. job
-The public's reaction caused president Arthur to introduce this law
-Patronage system: practice where after winning an election, gives gov.jobs to its supporters/friends
-Merit system: process of promoting & hiring gov. employees based on their ability to perform a job -
Assassination of President James Garfield
-Shot came from a .44 British Bulldog which the assassin Charles J. Guiteau, had purchase specially because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
-He had killed Garfield because of the president's refusal to appoint him to a European consulship
-The assassin was known around Washington as an emotionally disturbed man
-He was convinced that was God's work -
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
-The act created a federal regulatory agency, which it charged with monitoring railroads to ensure that they complied with the new regulations
-First law to regulate private industry in the US
-The power of the act is to the railroads rates to be "reasonable and just"
-Interstate commerce commission enforced the regulation and investigate allegations of fraud, deception and discrimination -
Inter State Commerce Act
-United state fed. law that was designed to regulate the RR industry particularly is monopolist practices
-First law to regulate private industry in the US
-The power of the acts is to the RR rate be "reasonable and just"
-Interstate commerce commission (ICC) exposed the religion and investigate allegations of deception & discrimination -
Sherman Antitrust Act
-Purpose was to prohibit trust, trust were arrangement where stockholders,transferred their shares to a single group of men
-Congress wanted to regulate interstate commerce and also prohibit monopolies and activities that slowed down competition
-First federal program for regulation private properties
-Standard oil felt pressured from gov.
-Andrew Carnegie accommodation of great wealth by a few in any capitalist society -
Populist People's Party
-Their idea was economic reforms increase in money supply and gradual tax increase
-Wanted direct vote for senators
-Cause of these ideas was they wanted a greater voice in gov. and populist programs kept alive the concept that the gov. is responsible for social injustice -
Red Record
-Ida B. Wells
-Wells passion was telling the country of the awful happening in the south lynchings because she lost several friends
-Effected was to raise awareness and option of the southern region on how African Americans were being treated -
Plessy v. Ferguson
black train passenger, Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking Louisiana Law
-By a 7-1 vote, the court said that a state law that "implies merely a legal distinction" b/w the two races did not conflict with the 13th amendment forbidding involuntary servitude, nor did it reestablish such a condition
-The discussion established the doctrine of "separate and equal" which allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as the provided equality -
Discovery Gold of the Klondike region
-The Klondike gold rush was an event of migration by an estimated 10,000 ppl prospecting to the Klondike region of North-Western Canada 30,000 actually made it to the Klondike
-Gold was discovered in many rich deposits along the Klondike river
-Newspaper created a hysteria that was nation-wide & many people quit their job & then left for the Klondike to become gold-diggers
-Many did not find gold many made money off the hardware store selling to the prospectors -
The Jungle
-Written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago and exploit the labor of men and women for profit
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the meat packing industry
-As results of making the public aware of the filthy and dangerous conditions, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well -
Pure Food and Drug act
Prevented the manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated, mislabeled or poisonous food, drugs or medicines
-Was the first of many consumer protection law
-The law required to label any drugs that are addictive including alcohol, morphine, opium, and cannabis
-This law caused Coca-Cola have to replace the cocaine in their products with caffeine -
Federal Reserve Act
-Caused by the nations to strengthen how banks were run & quickly adjust amount of money in circulation & have enough money supply to keep up w/the econ
-Gave 12 federal serve banks the ability to print money in order to ensure economics stability
-Helped created the federal reserve system & centralized banking known as "bankers bank"
-Made the value of the US stronger by influencing the economy -
NAACP
-National Association of the Advancement of colored ppl
-An organizations founded in the 1909 to promote full racial equality
-Had over 6,000 members by 1914
-Established by Web Du -
16th Amendment
-Allows congress to levy an income tax on the people
-its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov. and away from state
-Progressive favoring or advocating progress and change
Revenue: collective items of income of a person, state, ect.
Tariff: tax of duty to be paid -
17th Amendment
-The senate of the Us shall be composed of 2 senators from each state, selected by the people there of, for 6 yrs and each senator shall have 1
-It changed the theory about who senators represented, shifting the focus from state govs. to the residents of states
-Direct elections: systems of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person -
Bull Moose Party
-The founder of the Bull moose party was Theodore Roosevelt
-He was defeated in the republic primaries & broke off
-The party advocated women suffrage, worker men comp, an 8 hr workday, a min wage women fed law against child labor, & fed trade -
18th amendment (con.)
-speakeasy: illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages
-flapper: generation of young western women in 1920's who wore kids skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
18th Amendment
-Caused by widespread belief that consumption of alcohol was deteriorating Americans health & causing criminal acts
-Established the prohibition of alcohol beverages in the US by declaring the production, transport & sale of alcohol illegal
-Instead of reducing crime, it created massive organized crime movements & corrupted public officials who took bribes
-Temperance: restraint & moderation from drinking
-Prohibition: nationwide ban of alcohol -
19th Amendment
-Women wanted equality
-Granted women the right to vote - right known as suffrage
-Helped women move closer to quality in all aspects of american life
-Women advocated for jobs, fair wages, education, and birth control