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Evil spirits
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- taking a part of the cranium out to get rid of demons ( trephining)
- herbs and plants used as medicine
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Digitalis- foxglove plant, pill form or injection to treat heart treatments
Quinine- bark of the cinchona tree, controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, prevents malaria
Belladonna and atropine- nightshade plant, relieves muscle spasm, GI pain
Morphine- opium poppy, addictive extremely strong pain kill, “last resort” -
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- first organized medical care
- masks
- a room in a house was free for the sick
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- first people to keep health records
- the priests acted as physicians used leaches to heal skin graphs and restore blood circulation
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- For a period of 1,000 years, medicine was particle only in convents and monasteries
- the church believed that the life and death was in gods hands
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The primary treatment was prayer
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-Medicine was considered an art not just a profession
-determined that illness is caused by nature not spiritually
- Kept research on sicknesses
- Hippocrates- based his knowledge of anatomy and physiology and symptoms of many diseases -
- The bubonic plague( Black Death) killed 60 million people
- smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tubercluosis
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- med schools and universities built for research
- dissection of dissection of the body for study
- development of the printing press and publishing books
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Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body
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Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy
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Discovered the tide leading from the ear to the throat (Eustachain tube)
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Described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart
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Invented the microscope and found bacteria on your teeth that case tooth decay
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Early pharmacists
- trading drugs and spices -
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Found bifocals
Found that colds could be passed from person to person -
- lectures and labs
- I served patients bed sides and when passed observed the dead body
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Discovered the element oxygen
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Discovered a vaccination for smallpox
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Invented the stethoscope
- made of wood -
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- identified the cause of childhood fever( puerperal fever)
- many women died of this sickens after birth
- sicknes cause by not washing hands
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Cared for the sick and injured at war
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- known as the father of microbiology
- discovered tiny microorganisms were everywhere
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Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen under a microscope
-poliomyelitis, rabies, measles, influenza, chickenpox, German measles, Herpes zoster, mumps -
- fist doctor to use antiseptic durning surgeries
- used carbolic acid on wonders to kill germs that cause infections
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- first to used primitive acupuncture therapies
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- developed asepsis( sterile conditions, free from all germs)
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- discovered Mauney disease- causing organisms
- created the sculpture plate method to identify pathogens and isolate the bacterium that causes tuberculosis
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Discovered the effect of meds on disease- causing microorganisms
- found the treatment for syphilis -
Discovered x-rays
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Early Anastasia used herds, hashish, and alcohol
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Found that penicillin killed life threatening deceases
- considered the most important discovery in the 20th century -
- Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind
- he determined that the mind and body work together
- understanding of psychosomatic illness
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds(first meds to successfully kill bacteria)
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Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis
- this disease paralyzed people -
Used a live polio virus vaccine witch is still used today
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Discovered the molecular structure of DNA
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Preformed the first successful heart transplant
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Continues to pioneer in separating Siamese twins
Performing surgeries on the brain to stop seizures -
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Lead by Stuart Orkin discovered the first regulatory molecule that stops the proliferation of blood
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Analyzing more then 300,000 dna sequence variations from native Americans and siberian populations
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Virologists at Beth Israel Deaconess find two candidate vaccines that provide complete protection from the Zika virus in animal models, suggesting a vaccine for humans may be feasible.
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HMS department of neurobiology researchers provide the first molecular explanation for how the blood- brain barrier remains closed
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Covid 19 vaccine
- Dan Barouch and William Bosworth