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"you can have the body" in Latin. Everyone is entitled to a legal and fair trial when it comes to crime. -
Caused the country to be in debt -
allowed troops to use force if people didn’t disperse within one hour. -
Tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and corn enforced. The word corn
denotes all cereal grains, including wheat, oat and barley. The laws were designed to keep corn prices high to favour
domestic farmers, and represented British mercantilism. The laws raised food price and the costs of living for the British
public -
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One of the most violent Luddites’ manifestation. This was considered
as the first major terrorist acts in Britain according to a local history website. After rioters were arrested, they were executed
by hanging publicly outside the Lancaster Castle.
This led to Destruction of Stocking Frames : Machine breaking became a capital crime. Government reaction to the Luddites. -
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repression towrds acts of manifestation. -
The Queen Caroline Affair (1820) saw King George IV attempt to divorce his wife, Queen Caroline, by accusing her of adultery. Public sympathy for Caroline was overwhelming, forcing the government to drop the case. The scandal damaged the king’s reputation and showed the rising power of public opinion in politics. -
Allowed catholics to sit in Parliament; major religious milestone. -
Gave the right to vote to all householders who paid 10 pounds or more in yearly rent. Abolished many "rotten boroughs," and gave more represent to industrial cities. Brought negativeand restrictive toward women, Made changes possible for the future. -
Members of the Friendly Society (union of solidarity between workers) were sentenced to seven years' penal transportation to Australia for violation of the unlawful Oaths Act. Public backlash led to enormous protests, mass meetings and a petition signed by 800,000 people. Their case became a nationally symbolic fight for labourers and workers' rights -
After negotiation between Russel and King William IV -
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If previously in the majority of the cases the child custody was awarded to the father, the Custody of Infants Act 1839 permitted a mother to petition the courts for custody of her children up to the age of seven, and for access in respect of older children -
They conducted hundreds of interviews primarly with children, not merely about their working conditions but also as regards what education they received and their day-to-day diet. -
Created civil divorce and a divorce court, though women faced stricter conditions -
Marking full commutment to free trade -
In the Crystal Palace; census shows Britain as a majority urban nation -
The act reformed the law on divorce, moving litigation from the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical court of the civil courts, establishing a model of marriage based on contract rather that sacraments and wideninf the availability of divorce beyonf those who could affort to bring proceedings for annulment or to promote a private bill. Men could divorce for adultery, women only with added proof of cruelty or incest. -
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Tranferred rule of India from East India Company to the Crown -
Crimimnalized male homosexuality acts ("buggery") as felonies punishable by life imprisonment. -
Introduced anonymous voting to reduce corruption and intimidation during elections. -
Extended the franchise from landowners of freehold property above a certain value, to leaseholders and rental tenants as well. Doubled the number of men who could vote. -
Expamded literacy among the working class, opening arts, fiction, and newspapers to a mass audience. Made elementary education available for all children, though gendered. -
Allowed married women to be the legal owners of the money they earned and to inherit property -
The "Great Depression" of the Victorian Era
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Symbolic of Britain's global dominance and the formalization of the British Raj -
Abolishment of prostirution and other sexual activities that were believed to be immoral according to Christian morality.
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Extended the franchise to rural male workers, creating a more democratic electorate -
Scramble for Africa. European powers divided Africa into colonies; Britain gained large territories.
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Raised the age of consent to sixteen, influenced by W.T. stead's sensational campaign The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon -
Fought in South Africa between British and Dutch settles (Boers); highlighted imperial tensions and brutality
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Representation of thr people Act -- gave the vote to women over 30 who met property or education qualifications. Equal suffrage (full): 1928, Representation of the People (Equal franchise) Act -- Granted all women over 21 the same voting rights as men