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Between the XV and XVI centuries,there was this transition period between the Middle ages and the Modern age when new values such as humanism were spread in addition t the fact that Roman and Greek culture "returned".This period was characterized by his field of arts.
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Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore(Florence cathedral in italian) had an approved design from Arnolfo di Cambio by Florence's city hall in 1294 but when he died the construction slowed down for 50 years.In 1418 the "Arte della Lana" chosed Filippo Brunelleschi to continue the construction giving place to its famous dome.
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The Pietá is a sculpture situated in the St.Peter's Basilica which represents Jesus Crist dead after crucifiction.It is made of marble and it can be seen in any perspective(doesn't matter if you go closer or further from the sculpture)it is called a "tutto tondo"work.
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The school of Athens also known as "Scuola di Atena"is a painting made by Raphael Sanzio to decorate the known today "Rafael's rooms".It is located in the Apostolic palace(Vatican city).The painting stands out for its precise perspective.Rafael was inspirede by Leonardo Da Vinci and made him representing Platon.
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Carlos I also known as "V of the holy Roman empire"reigned with his mother Juana I of Castilla gathering the crowns of Castilla,Aragon and Navarra.
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Four years after the start of Carlos I reign, the comunities of Castilla rose up in arms due to the Comuneros.Segovia,Toledo and Valladolid were the heads of this rising.This happened due to a a moment of a politic innestabillity of the Crown.King Carlos I arrived Asturias and proclaimed himself king of his possesions.He came to the Valladolid Cortes without knowing Castilian.
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Also called "Peace of the religions"it was a treaty signed by Ferdinand I of Habsburgo and the Imperial Estates due to the Protestant reformations.It divided Carlos V reign in Lutheranism an Catholicism.
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"El prudente(Felipe II of Spain)was son and heir of Carlos I.Felipe ascended to the Spanish throne in 1556 but ascended to the portuguese in 1580 forming the Iberic union.The conquests of the Inca empire and Filipinas were completed and Spain reached the top of power(Siglo de oro)
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The moorish population rose in arms due to their limited cultural freedom due to the "Pragmatic sanction of 1567" during Felipe II's reign.The royal power defeated them and made them all slaves.
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War started during Felipe II'reign between the Netherlands and Spain.The Netherlands's governor by that moment was Margarita de Parma.
It finalized with the recognizement of the united nations. -
The Arras union was an agreement i which Netherlands recognized Felipe II soberanity in the Eighty years war.
They agreed:
-Expulsion of foreign troops
-State council as in Carlos V reign
-2/3of the State council had to be accepted
-All the current priileges before the rebellion had to be established
-Calvinism had to be persecuted -
Agreement signed in the Netherlands between the rebel provinces which where confronted against Spain durin the Eighty Years War.It is considered as the origin of the republic of the united nations
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The Spanish big and "felicisima"navy(the Invincible navy) was planified by Felipe II to dethrone Isabel I.It happened during the Anglo-Spanish war and they lost but finished it with the Treaty of London.The climate conditions took a very important place of its defeat apart from english navy.
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Sculpture made by Gian Lorenzo Bernini at real size in the Galeria Borghese in Rome.It represents the end of the greek mith in which Dafne was finally reached by Apollo(who was in love with her due to Cupido's fault)and she turned into a tree thanks to Peneo's powers.
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Square positioned just in front of St.Peters'basilica.It is also made by Bernini.It is an example of baroque arquitecture and urbanism.It is formed of two parts:
1.The trapeze form one
2.The oval -
Paint made by Diego Velázquez representing the Aracne´'s fable.It forms part in El museo del Prado and its another example of Baroque paint and Velázque's maestry.
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Painting made just before the French Revolution representing the Roman greeting.It is considered the neoclasic paint paradigm.The theme of the work is the fulfillment of duty above any personal feeling.
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Its a colective portrait of Carlos IV and his family and can be found in el Museo del Prado.It also belonged to the private Royal Palacy of Madrid's collection but started to form part of el museo del Prado with Ferdinand VII in 1824.