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The Pope called the crusades to fight the Muslims in the Holy Land. -
After Pope Urban II called for the crusades, people had new lands, new goods, and then shifted their focus to trade and began gaining more income from buying and selling more. -
Marco Polo was born during this year in Venice Italy with was a large center for commerce and trade at the time and his parents were merchants. -
The Polos began their journey to Asia by boat, hoping to return with ivory, jade, jewels, porcelain, and silk; the journey lasted for two years and many people in the crew died. -
Marco Polo captained a ship to fight with Venice's adversary, Genoa and he ended up getting captured as a "prisoner of war". -
Portugal captured the Fortress of Ceuta which led to them controlling the global market of gold. -
Portugal discovered the Madeira Islands which contributed to motivating Prince Henry to sail to the coast of Africa. -
Portugal discovered the Azores Islands which also contributed to encouraging Prince Henry and his team to start navigating along the coast of Africa. -
One of Prince Henry's ships, at last, made it back to Portugal and later encouraged the Portuguese to travel farther. -
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of the Castle got married and brought together Catholic Spain and began the act of building a place that could fight for global dominance. -
Christopher Columbus went to the king of Portugal and presented his plan to sail to the west to India, but he was rejected. He asked countless other kings but they all had the same answer. -
Bartolomeu Días finally made it around the tip of Africa and reached the eastern coast of South America in March of 1488. -
Spain forced all Muslims to leave their country which gave them more imperial power, Ferdinand and Isabella were finally ready to sail beyond their borders. -
Vasco de Gama's expedition at last reached India and Da Gama had achieved the dream of King Joao II. -
Thomas Hobbes wrote The Leviathan about how all are equal and arrogant and they act with their best interest at heart. -
John Locke wrote The Second Treatise on Government about how men should be judged not by their possessions, but by their natural state; he believes that God has given men reason to make their lives more convenient. -
British colonists turned to their new ideas from the Enlightenment and they began a revolution against the British crown and wrote The Declaration of Independence and established the United States of America -
The French began the French Revolution against the French monarchy and they established a National Assembly and used the Declaration of Independence as inspiration to write The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. -
The slaves of Haiti began a rebellion against the French crown and later succeeded in ending slavery and the French control over the island. -
French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain and he placed his brother on the throne; this motivated Bolivar to begin a revolution. -
Father Miguel Hidalgo rallied all of the townspeople and mestizos and Indians and they protested and marched for their independence, they called this Grito de Dolores or the cry of Dolores. -
Bolivar and his men invaded Venezuela and began the Admirable Campaign which gained Mexico its independency and Bolivar received the title El Libertador or the Liberator. -
San Martin surprised the Spanish soldiers and liberated Santiago, Chile, then he decided to go along with his original plan; to capture Lima. -
There was an economic crisis that spread depression across the country and with that banks started to fail which caused Austin to lose all of his money. -
Austin left for Texas with a slave named Richmond and by December of that year, they finally reached San Antonio and met with governor Antonio María Martínez. -
Even though Hidalgo had been executed, the rebel forces of Mexico did not give up, and ten years later Mexico finally gained its independence. -
Bolivar gained more territory and Gran Colombia which was present-day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador; this was created under his government -
San Martin was able to take the capital and led Peru to be independent of Spain, and he was named protector of Peru -
The Mexican government passed the Imperial Colonization Law which stated that Austin's grant was secure and he could keep bringing in settlers. -
Austin wanted his country to have a capital so he founded San Felipe along the Brazos river, and that helped him trade more. -
1170 were colonists in Austin's colony and about 440 of them were enslaved Africans, that was also the start of when Austin began to acquire contracts for four more colonies. -
Benjamin Edwards began the Republic of Fredonia and declared its independence from Mexico. -
By that time San Felipe has between 100 and 200 people residing there and the population began to grow from then on. -
General Mier y Teran wrote a report about Texas and how unstable and unorganized it is. -
Texans wrote statements called the Turtle Bayou Resolutions which stated that they were attacking the Mexican government. -
The Texans came together and listed their injustices and presented their demands to Santa Anna in what they called the Conventions of 1832 and 1833 -
The Mexicans fought under General Cos and even though they were outnumbered, they managed to defeat the Mexicans once again and gain control of San Antonio. -
Santa Anna declared himself dictator which led the Texans to come together for the Consultation of 1835 which was a meeting talking about becoming independent from Mexico. -
Erasmus "Deaf" Smith reported that a unit of Mexican cavalry with mules was coming to San Antonio so the Texans, after many attacks, managed to acquire the animals. -
The Mexicans demanded that Texans give back their cannon but the Texans refused and told them "Come and take it" which began the Texas Revolution. -
The Texans marched to Goliad and attcked the Mexicans and defeated thirty Mexican soldiers and captured the Presidio La Bahia in only thirty minutes. -
The Treaty of Velasco allowed Texas to finally become an independent state which was their initial goal in the first place and now they had a lot more rights. -
During the Battle of the Alamo, the Mexican forces began a 13-day siege of the Alamo and put countless Texans to death, determined to end the battle -
The main battle during the battle of the Alamo ended in only thirty minutes with the Mexicans' victory and 800 lives lost. -
Three groups marched out of the presidio and were executed including Fannin and 341 others. -
The Texas army attacked the Mexicans and shouted: "Remember the Alamo" and "Remember Goliad" in honor of those who lost their lives in battle.