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Henry Bessemer developes a process for purifying iron resulting in a strong but lightweight steel. By 1890, The US was outproducing the British steel manufacturers.
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The Compromise of 1850 undid the Missouri Compromise, permitting slavery north of the 36 30'N Latitude.
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Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, the book was a powerful condemenation of slaver. Uncle Tom put a human face on slavery for readers who had never witnessed slavery firsthand. The book sold 300,000 copies in its first year, increasing the antislavery movement.
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Elisha Otis developed the safety elevator which would not fall if the lift rope were to break. This make it safer to build taller buildings known as skyscrapers.
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Congress is trying to settle the issue of slavery in the West. Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska.
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Opposition to slavery led to the creation of the new Republican Party in 1853. Republicans included abolitionists, antislavery business leaders, and northerners who argued that the Figitive Slave Act intruded into state politics. The Party had 105 seats int he House of Reppresentatives in the 1854 congressional elections.
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Southern Proslavery forces attacked the free-state town of Lawrence, Kansas. Swift realiation came from New York Abolitionist John Brown.
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Opened by Rowland H. Macy, it was the first of it's kind. It becamre the largest single store in America. Many other companies followed this kind, Jordan Marsh, Marshall Fields, and Wanamaker's.
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Edwin Drake drilled what became the world's first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Oil used to come from boiling down whale blubber.
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The main race was between Lincold and John Breckinridge. Lincoln wins
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Southern states begin to succeed from the Union which South Carolina is the first to do. In the South, The Confederacy is formed in the south and the North remains the Union.
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The South had cut off supplies to Fort Sumter and the men that were fighting there ran out of ammo and eventually fell because they could not keep up. After that Lincoln called for 75,000 troops
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This was the plan that the north adopeted designed to starve the south into submission.
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The Seven seceding states established The Confederate States of America. They made their own constitution for a government.
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In his inaugural address, Linoln stated that "There would be no war unless the south started it.
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When the war took place, women played a major role in it. They were mostly nusrses that would take care of the wounded. And Many confederate women took to the fields to harvest crops.
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When Lincoln called for 75,000 men he only got around 16,000. To fix this, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This freed all slaves in the states that were rebelling. They would be treated with respect and then would hopefully join the union Army.
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This was the turning point for the Civil War. Union troops defeated Robert E. Lee and destroyed 1/3 of his troops.
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The 13th Amendment ended slavery.
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Lincoln is assinated by John Wilks Booth in a theater and as the nation mourned, Andrew Johnson became president.
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This amendment granted fill citizenship status and rights to every person born in the United Stated including African Americans.
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The Knights of LAbor is a labor union tthat was for workers in any trade, skilled or unskilled. ACtively recruited African Americans.
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The 15th Amendment gaurenteed that no male citizen should be denied the right to vot on the basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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The troops that were in the south making sure that they make a peaceful recovery were withdrawn allowing the people to live their lives.
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In response to the rise of industrial waste affecting the environment, Congress set aside protected lands that would eventually become part of the National Park Service and Yellowstone National Park was the first nationsl park created.
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Author, Novelist Mark Twain satirized American life in the novel, The Gilded Age. The thought the american society had a rotten core covered with gold paint.
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This is what signaled the end of Reconstruction.
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Thomas Edison was supported by wealthy industrialists like J.P. Morgan and then established a research laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey. Edison would go on to invent the light bulb and would revieve more that 1,000 patents.
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Bell patented the telephone and within a few years, 148 telephone companies had strung more than 34,000 miles of wire and long-distance lines linked to the Northesat and Midwest.
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He pretty much founded the current newspaper including many different sections llike sports, cartoons, ads, and of course, news.
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This act prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers limited, limited the civil rights of Chinese immigrants already in the US, and forbade the naturalization of Chinese residents.
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Lamarcus Thompson opened the world's first roller coaster. It was opened at Coney Island in NYC.
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Samuel Gompers formed the AFL, which was made up of craft workers. They retained their individuality but gained strength in bargaining throught their affiliation with the AFL.
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Thousands of workers mounted a national demonstration for and eight-hour workday. Strikes erupted in several cities and fights broke out between stikers and strikerbreakers.
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In response to unfair rates and unjust business practices the US Senate created the ICC. The ICC monitors railroads and how they do business.
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In Richmond VA, streetcars powered by over head electric cables were introduced to major cities. This began the mass transit system.
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The Sherman Antitrust Act outlawed any trust that operated "In restraint of trade or commerce among the several states."
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Many rural-to-urban migrants moved to cities in the 1890s because there were more jobs available, and you could make more money.
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Carnegi Steel in Homestead, PA cut workers wages. The union immediately called a strike. This strik was part of an epidemis of steelworks and miners strikes that took place as economic depression spread across America.
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Angel Island in California was the place where immigrants went to. The officals there also filtered out the Chinese travelers were turned away unlesss they could prove that they were American Citizens.