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An enslaved African American from Missouri, had sued for his freedom,
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The Free-Soil Party wanted to prevent the expansion of slavery into the western territories.
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California comes in as a free state, the rest of the new territory is decided by popular.
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Southern proslavery forces attacked the free-state town or Lawrence, Kansas.
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Rowland H. Macy opened what he called a department store in New York in 1858.
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In 1859, Edwin Drake drilled the firsr oil well in the world in Titusville, Pennsylvania
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In 1859, a biologist Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species", arguing that animals evolved by a process of "natural selection" and that only the fittest survived to reproduce.
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In the Presidental Election of 1860, the four candidates were Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas, John Bell, and John Breckinridge
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Lincoln wins the election, getting 60% of electoral votes; he did not recieve a single electoral vote from the south. Lincoln's win ends the the national politic powers and South Carolinda will secede from the Union.
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Seven eceding states established the Confederate States of America.
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Lincoln was sworn into office on March 4th, 1861. In his inaugural address, he took a firm, but appeasing tone toward the South.
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The 1862 Homestead Act and aid from railroad companies made western farmland inexpensive.
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stated that, "all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall the be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."
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This law required all able-bodied men between the ages of 20 and 45 to serve in the military if callled, riots broke out in several northern cities.
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This battle was a major turning point in the war, pushed the South back further.
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Andrew Johnson and Congress passed this amendment, that ends slavery.
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Robert E. Lee surrenders to Grant.
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President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated and his VP, Andrew Johnson becomes president.
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George Westinghouse patented air brakes for trains.
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In 1870, a number of corporations in America increased dramatically.
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Beginning in the 1870s, Irish and Germans were joined by "new" immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.
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Newspapers helped the spread of mass culture. Between 1870 and 1900 both reflected and helped create mass culture.
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This amendment was ratified guaranteeing the no male citizen could be denied the right to vote.
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A fire destroyed Chicago in 1871, killing between 200 to 300 people.
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In 1872, Yellowstone Park was established to perserve land.
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Samuel Tilden wins popular vote, but lets Rutherford B. Hayes be president if he promised to get the federal troops from the South. This ends reconstruction.
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The first major strike occurred in the railroad industry in 1877 because wages were cut. First major strike that prompted other violent strikes.
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Nearly three quarters of a million immigrants arrived in America and begin to work for low wages.
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An act that prohibited Chinese laborers from coming to US and limited rights of Chinese laborers in the US.
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Workers wanted 8hr shirts instead of 10hr shifts.
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In 1887, the United State Senate created the ICC to monitor US businesses.
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Many cities has huge immigrant populations, Americanization programs were formed to teach immigrants English, teach immigrants the American diet, and teach immigrants to dress like American.
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Jacob Riis is a journalist who brought the horrors of the tenements to the punlic eye.
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In 1890, the Senate passsed the Sherman Antitrust Act to monitor trusts and put a stop to monopolies.
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The public opinion of the Unions were turning, a Carnegie Steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, cut worker's wages and the union immediately called a strike.
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To enter US, immigrants had to be healthly and show that they had money, a skill, or a sponsor provide for them.
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The Pullman Palace Car Company laid off workerds, lowered the cost of wages, but did not lower the cost of living.
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In 1897, Boston solved this problem by running the cars underground in the nation's first subway system. New York City followed in 1904.
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In 1910, there were than 5,000 high schools. Kindergartens also appearedas a way to help working-class mothers.